I also wanted to be removed, people as narrowminded as mr. Mueller do not
deserve a place in the internet. I will give it another chance after the
mail to the members.
At 10:04 15-4-99 -0600, you wrote:
> please remove me too. I have the same trouble to unsibscribe using the
>email route
>
> thanks
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>Subject: Re[2]: Bad Theories at the Barricades?
>From: [log in to unmask] (Nick New)
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> pls remove me too, I have tried to unsibscribe using the email route
> but it doesn't work.
> thanks
>
>
>______________________________ Reply Separator
_________________________________
>Subject: Re: Bad Theories at the Barricades?
>Author: Hossein Jalilian <[log in to unmask]> at INTERNET
>Date: 15/04/99 08:48
>
>
>I would appreciate if you remove me from the list.
>Thank you.
>
>On Wed, 14 Apr 1999 19:15:40 -0400 Charles Mueller
><[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>
>> I've made the argument earlier that those who take to the
>barricades--and
>> those who urge OTHERS to do so--should first think hard about the workings
>> of the pulleys-and-levers that generate human prosperity. Will the idea
>> one is advocating--the message on the placards one carries and the
leaflets
>> one presses into the hands of others--actually produce the justice and
>> affluence that all humans long for? Stalin, Mao, Pol Pot, Castro, Kim
Jong
>> Il, and all the other communist tyrants may have believed their own
>> propaganda but in its name they killed over 70 million of their fellow
>> humans and devastated their respective countries--economically,
>> politically, socially, and environmentally, leaving everywhere a barren
>> moonscape.
>>
>> They peddled theories and other people died for them, suffered
>> excruciating poverty because of them, and lost all traces of human freedom
>> in their name.
>>
>> A better guide is real-world experience. What has WORKED? Go
down the
>> list of the world's 200 countries and ask: What has made some rich, others
>> poor? What was it that enabled a score or so to make the TRANSITION from
>> poor to rich? One nation currently provides us with an especially rich
>> case-study, a society that's home to a full fifth of the planet's total
>> population, that has been in the deepest abyss of injustice and poverty,
>> and that is now rapidly lifting itself out of that long nightmare. HOW is
>> it doing it? Let me add briefly to the story I summarized for you last
>> time, one of history's most magnificent chronicles.
>>
>> China gave the world one its most dramatic examples of human heroism
>> recently when the TV cameras brought into tens of millions of homes around
>> the globe the image of a young man resolutely standing in front of a
moving
>> tank in Tiananmen Square, blocking its path repeatedly as it tried to
>> maneuver around him.
>>
>> There are another 20 valiant Chinese who similarly belong in the
>pantheon
>> of the immortals: In 1978, the heads of the 20 families who lived in a
>> small village in eastern China, held a village meeting and agreed among
>> themselves to divide up the communal land among their respective families.
>> They drew up an oath, signed with their thumbprints, parcelling out the
>> land to their 20 individual households, and pledging that, if any should
be
>> imprisoned, the others would raise their children to the age of 18.
>>
>> All solemnly swore to keep the pact secret but there was one thing
they
>> were powerless to conceal: The dramatic increase in the OUTPUT of their
>> (now-family) farms. Party officials came to condemn the heresy but stayed
>> to marvel at its fruits. Soon higher ranking leaders came and,
ultimately,
>> it received the blessing of Deng Xiaoping, successor to Mao (who had died
>> in 1976). By 1984, the despised commune system was effectively dead. And
>> with 75% of China's population on the farm, that dramatic shift to family
>> entrepreneurship in agriculture promptly spread to the cities and towns.
>> The rest, as they say, is history, with China now regularly enjoying one
of
>> the world's highest growth rates.
>>
>> This is, in my view, one of great sagas in world economic history,
one
>> that should never be forgotten by those who work for an end to human
poverty.
>>
>> The tale is told below in an article from the New York Times by Erik
>> Eckholm (September 29, 1998, p. A4).
>>
>> Charles
>>
>> ______________
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> "Xiaogang, China. [The people] "of this small village once
fearfully
>> defied Communist Party policy, secretly dividing up the communal farm that
>> Mao had imposed with disastrous results. In late 1978, starving and
>> desperate, the 20 families in this village of Anhui Province in eastern
>> China took matters into their own hands, risking the wrath of the party.
>>
>> "Within a few years, as the country learned of the remarkable
gains in
>> Xiaogang and a few other pioneering places, the hated communal farms would
>> break apart all over China--the single greatest step toward the country's
>> vibrant, market-oriented economy of the 1990's. This village, in the
>> middle of nowhere, earned an important footnote in the history of the new,
>> post-Mao China...
>>
>> "Restoring the family farm, and wider decontrol of rural business
that
>> followed, 'radically changed the face of China...,' said Joseph
Fewsmith, a
>> China scholar at Boston University.
>>
>> "The disasters [in Xiaogang] began soon after the forced
>collectivization
>> of farming here and the introduction of communes during the Great Leap
>> Forward of 1958-60. Many Xiaogang residents starved to death in the
>> catastrophic national famine that resulted from the disruption of
>> agriculture under the Great Leap.
>>
>> "The bitterness among the area's farmers never dissipated, and
>> productivity declined. In the decade up to 1978, the village required
>> large subsidies of grain from the Government... Travelers described homes
>> with no doors, with chairs and tables made only of mud. 'The enthusiasm
of
>> the farmers was frustrated,' was how Yan Junchang, 57, leader of a
>> producton team, described the corrosive effects of communal work in a
>> recent interview. 'As a team leader, no matter how hard I rang the bell
or
>> blew the whistle, I COULDN'T GET ANYONE TO GO INTO THE FIELDS,' Yan
Juchang
>> said.. Much of the available lands was not even tilled.
>>
>> "More and more, family members would spend months away in towns,
begging
>> for food and coins. Then in 1978 a severe drought made conditions
unbearable.
>>
>> "At an emotional meeting at the end of that year, the FAMILY HEADS
DREW
>UP
>> AN OATH, signed with THUMBPRINTS. The parcelling of land to INDIVIDUAL
>> HOUSEHOLDS would be kept secret, they agreed. If any among them were
>> imprisoned, the rest would RAISE THEIR CHILDREN to the age of 18.
>>
>> "The change was immediate. 'Some people even got up before dawn
to go
>to
>> work in the fields,' Mr. Yan said. The amount of land planted to grain
>> nearly doubled in one year, and the village began producing a surplus.
>>
>> "Neighboring villages learned of Xiaogang's move and sought to
emulate
>it,
>> but angry commune officials tried to squelch the rebellion... But soon
>> after, the county party secretary visited and call this a worthy
>> experiment. Then the Communist Party leader of Anhui Province, Wan Li,
>> visited Xiaogang and gave his blessing--a bold decision at a time when the
>> top farm officials in Beijing were still promoting communal farming, true
>> to the memory of Mao, who died in 1976.
>>
>> "In that first year, the village produced a large grain surplus...
and
>> output continued to rise. In 1980, as similar wildcat breakups of
communes
>> occurred around the country, Deng Xiaoping--who was consolidating power as
>> the national leader--openly endorsed the change for the first time.
>>
>> "By the end of 1984, the commune had disappeared nationwide, Zhang
>> Guangyou, a former aide to Wan Li, said in an interview...
>>
>> "Even today, 70% of Chinese live in the countryside; the breakup
of the
>> communes altered more lives than any subsequent event. It also, scholars
>> say, was the inspiration for Deng's much-vaunted urban economic reform in
>> 1985, which allowed the spread of private enterprise and, in recent years,
>> spectacular growth.
>>
>> "Injecting market forces into the factories and cities was easier,
Mr.
>> Yang observed, BECAUSE 3/4THS OF THE POPULATION ALREADY LIVED in a virtual
>> market economy, producing not only ample food but also sought-after
>> consumer goods.
>>
>> "Xiaogang's onetime rebels are now heroes of the post-Mao
revolution...
>> Many [visitors will arrive] to celebrate the 20th anniversary of that
>> LEGENDARY SECRET OATH.
>>
>> "Its borders expanded, the village now is home to 312 people in 75
>> families, many [of whom] have small tractors and many homes sport
>> refrigerators and washing machines."
>>
>> *************
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Charles Mueller, Moderator
>> Mueller's Poverty of Nations List
>> ([log in to unmask])
>> ___
>> Mueller's Land-Reform List
>> ([log in to unmask])
>> ___
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>> ([log in to unmask])
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>> UNsubscribe: Add 'un' to above addresses
>> ___
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>> ___
>> (Antimonopoly Web site:
>> http://webpages.metrolink.net/~cmueller)
>
>
>----------------------
>Hossein Jalilian
>Development and Project Planning Centre
>University of Bradford
>Bradford, BD7 1DP, UK.
>
>Tel: 44 (0)1274 235261
>Fax: 44 (0)1274 235280
>e-mail: [log in to unmask]
>
>
>
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