The contents and abstracts of Volume 5, number 2 (1999) of 'World Transport
Policy & Practice' (ISSN 1352-7614) are as follows...

City Logistics: A Contribution to Sustainable Development? - A Contribution
to the Discussion on Solutions to Freight Transport Problems in Urban Areas
by
Peter Löffler
European Sustainable Cities & Towns Campaign, Brussels

Abstract
The increasing amount of freight transport by road in urban areas of
industrialised countries induces serious social and economic impacts
through local and global environmental deterioration. Sustainable
development demands that these effects be reduced substantially. The
concept of City Logistics seems to offer an ideal method to decrease the
number of trucks without harming economic performance. However, its current
use is restricted in a number of ways. In particular, large-scale
implementation of City Logistics would require different economic
incentives for private actors.

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An appraisal of decreased depth of production on traffic demand:
development of a model
by
Helmut Holzapfel
Department of Town and Country Planning, University GH Kassel
and
Richard Vahrenkamp
Department of Economics, University GH Kassel

Abstract
In recent discussions about future traffic growth in Europe, it is
generally assumed that rates of increase, especially of road freight
traffic, are overestimated. Sometimes it is vigorously denied that the ever
increasing division of labour with just-in-time production processes has an
influence on transport worth mentioning at all. These points are addressed
in an attempt to seek an understanding of the dynamics of the division of
labour and the growth of traffic. A theoretical model is produced which
lead to deductions.

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Where is Stranraer now? Space-time convergence re-visited
by
Gordon Clark
Department of Geography, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK

Abstract
This paper revisits the concept of space-time convergence in the context of
data on InterCity rail journey times in the UK between 1914 and 1998. The
paper concludes that the concept of convergence needs to be considerably
refined in both historical and geographical senses in order to fully
represent long-run trends in the adoption of new transport technologies.
The paper considers the geographical and policy implications of the quest
for speed, particularly for the role of London.

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Scenarios for Transboundary Air Pollutants from the Transport Sector in Europe
by
Gary Haq and Peter Bailey
Stockholm Environment Institute at the University of York

Abstract
Scenarios for the European transport sector are used to examine the impact
on transboundary air pollution of a range of vehicle emission standards,
technologies and demand management measures and to produce estimates of
national emissions in the UN/ECE region. This paper demonstrates the
possible reductions in emissions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic
compounds which could be achieved using different policy instruments.

**********
The Effects of Strategic Network Changes on Traffic
by
John Elliott, Jillian Beardwood and Steve Purnell
Transportation and Development Department
Greater London Council

Abstract
The Department of Transport's Counsel at the Public Inquiry into a section
of the North Circular Road in 1985 stated that "Š the proper way to advance
the [GLC] case is to put their evidence before the Secretary of State, to
put their evidence before the Government and say 'This is the result of our
research; your policy for roads should be amended accordingly - at least it
should be reconsidered on the basis of this evidence'." In response to this
recommendation the GLC presented this paper to the DoT. The Secretary of
State, Nicholas Ridley, responded: "No attempt has been made either to
assess the benefits which additional traffic might bring to the community
as a whole or to evaluate its adverse effects" Š "we have no intention of
building urban motorways" Š  "the [Government does not] disregard the views
of Londoners".
The paper was presented to the Transport Committee of the GLC on 10th July
1985. The Committee recommended its publication on a wide basis. Soon
after, the GLC was abolished despite approximately three-quarters of
Londoners canvassed being opposed.
This paper was tested and accepted by the Standing Advisory Committee on
Trunk Road Assessment in their 1994 report "Trunk Roads and the Generation
of Traffic". The Government accepted the SACTRA report.

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