Hello everybody,

This is a very interesting discussion, thank you for starting it. A few 
pointers:

1. The mechanics of crack formation under tension is different from that 
under compression. This has been implied in several mails already.

2. Experiments on quartz-coesite transition has been done in the 1990's 
and early 2000's - Jed Mosenfelder & Steve Bohlen (EPSL, 1997), Zhou et 
al. (Chinese Science Bulletin, 2005) etc. - there may be more.

3. Plastic relaxation may play a role, particularly at higher 
temperatures. Some studies on olivine-wadsleyite transformations, or 
calcite - aragonite transformations, may provide insights here (although 
there are differences - notably, olivine-wadsleyite is a solid solution 
while quartz-coesite is not). A study that comes to mind is Liu and 
Yund, PEPI, 1995, there are others. Some more recent studies of Shun 
Karato related to defects and element partitioning considers the same 
mechanical problem - the role of differential expansivity / 
compressibility of an inclusion / defect on a host lattice.

I hope these help,

Sumit


On 02.07.2022 11:13, chopin wrote:
> The combination of concentric and radial fractures around coesite 
> inclusions is indeed common in omphacite (e.g. Smith, 1984), 
> definitely not in garnet. This may simply reflect the anisotropic 
> nature of the omphacite host, resulting in the possibility of larger 
> differential stress around the inclusion with evolving P and T than 
> with an isotropic host [the latter being a key assumption of most 
> elastic models].
> All the best
> Christian
>
>
> Le 2022-07-02 10:59, liupengleiincug a écrit :
>> Dear all,
>>
>> A good view of concentric cracks related to "implosion". I often
>> observed concentric ± radial fractures around coesite inclusions in
>> omphacite (please see the attached images). How do we interpret the
>> formation of the concentric fractures, by the way? Thanks.
>> Best regards
>> Penglei
>>
>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------
>>> 发件人：chopin <[log in to unmask]>
>>> 发送时间：2022年7月2日(星期六) 16:41
>>> 收件人：GEO-METAMORPHISM <[log in to unmask]>
>>> 主　题：Re: how do coesite inclusions end up in garnet?
>>>
>>> Would not one expect tensile cracks to be radial and 'implosion'
>>> cracks
>>> to be concentric around the inclusion?
>>> All the best
>>> Christian
>>>
>>> Le 2022-07-02 06:17, Matt Kohn a écrit :
>>>> Maybe I’m missing something, but I think some in situ
>>>> quartz-to-coesite conversion is possible, albeit not an entire
>>>> inclusion.
>>>>
>>>> For example, using either an almandine or pyrope host, at a final
>>> P-T
>>>> condition of 700 °C, 3.5 GPa, quartz entrapped at 500 °C and 2
>>> GPa
>>>> would have a peak pressure of 2.83-2.85 GPa, which is within the
>>>> coesite stability field. However, I agree if the entire quartz
>>>> inclusion converted to coesite, the decrease in volume would drop
>>> the
>>>> pressure back to quartz stability. So, the whole inclusion can’t
>>>> convert to coesite. Rather, as pressure increases, enough quartz
>>> would
>>>> convert to coesite to bring the (now composite inclusion) pressure
>>> to
>>>> the quartz-coesite boundary. And it would stay there (increasing
>>> the
>>>> amount of coesite as pressure increases and decreasing the amount
>>> as
>>>> pressure decreases) until the host rock pressure decreased
>>>> sufficiently that the coesite in the composite inclusion
>>> completely
>>>> reverted to quartz.
>>>>
>>>> Many have commented on partial conversion of coesite inclusions to
>>>> quartz during exhumation and buffering along the quartz-coesite
>>>> boundary. But the same process must occur on the prograde path,
>>> too,
>>>> if quartz is originally included at sufficiently high pressure.
>>>>
>>>> But that’s assuming only elastic behavior. Depending on the P-T
>>>> condition of quartz entrapment, a garnet at coesite-stable
>>> pressures
>>>> could experience high differential stress around a quartz
>>> inclusion
>>>> (e.g., see Angel et al., 2015), potentially leading to failure of
>>> the
>>>> garnet. This would immediately subject the quartz inclusion to
>>>> coesite-stable conditions and convert it to coesite.
>>>>
>>>> So, getting back to original question, I agree that conversion of
>>> a
>>>> quartz grain entirely to coesite would not happen. But couldn't
>>> some
>>>> fracturing be prograde, and associated with high differential
>>> stresses
>>>> around quartz inclusions? The quartz would then covert to coesite,
>>>> leading to coesite inclusions surrounded by lots of fractures.
>>>>
>>>> A potential test might be if fracture patterns are different for
>>>> garnet “implosion” vs. garnet “explosion”.
>>>>
>>>> Best,
>>>>
>>>> Matt
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>> On Jul 1, 2022, at 2:42 PM, chopin <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
>>>>>
>>>>> The point was also clearly made earlier by, e.g., van der Molen
>>> and
>>>>> van Roermund (Lithos 19, 317-324, 1986; The pressure path of
>>> solid
>>>>> inclusions in minerals: the retention of coesite inclusions
>>> during
>>>>> uplift), who conclude:
>>>>> "Coesite included in garnet cannot have formed during progressive
>>>
>>>>> metamorphism from quartz at lithostatic pressures below the
>>> coesite
>>>>> stability field because of differential volume changes".
>>>>> I hope this helps.
>>>>> Christian
>>>>>
>>>>> ---
>>>>> Christian Chopin           [log in to unmask]
>>>>> Laboratoire de Géologie
>>>>> Ecole normale supérieure - CNRS UMR8538
>>>>> 24 rue Lhomond
>>>>> 75231 PARIS CEDEX 05
>>>>> France
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> Le 2022-07-01 11:00, Richard White a écrit :
>>>>>> There are some more recent studies, but the work below nicely
>>>>>> reinforces Christian's statement regarding coesite having to be
>>>>>> included as coesite in general.
>>>>>> P–V–T relationships and mineral equilibria in inclusions in
>>> minerals
>>>>>> M Guiraud, R Powell 2006
>>>>>> Earth and Planetary Science Letters 244 (3-4), 683-694
>>>>>> Professor Richard White
>>>>>> Head of School
>>>>>> School of Earth & Environmental Sciences
>>>>>> University of St Andrews
>>>>>> Bute Building,
>>>>>> Queen’s Terrace
>>>>>> St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK
>>>>>> Tel: +44 01334 464944
>>>>>> On 30/06/2022, 20:26, "Metamorphic Studies Group on behalf of
>>>>>> chopin"
>>>>>> <[log in to unmask] on behalf of
>>> [log in to unmask]>
>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>> Dear all,
>>>>>> one point should be clear: considering thermal expansion and
>>>>>> compressibility of quartz vs garnet, a quartz inclusion in
>>> garnet
>>>>>> CANNOT
>>>>>> convert to coesite upon increasing P and T. Trapped as
>>> quartz, it
>>>>>> remains quartz, as examplified by UHP metapelitic garnets
>>> having
>>>>>> quartz
>>>>>> inclusions in their core and coesite inclusions in their rim.
>>>>>> I do agree that garnet formation upon increasing P and T,
>>>>>> especially at
>>>>>> low T, may be more substantial than stated in the initial
>>> message.
>>>>>> Yet,
>>>>>> there is some truth in the concern expressed in that message:
>>>
>>>>>> coesite
>>>>>> inclusions in garnet are seldom abundant; actually they are
>>>>>> profuse only
>>>>>> in the Dora-Maira whiteschits, in pyrope crystals that
>>> formed,
>>>>>> together
>>>>>> with coesite, from talc+kyanite (in a coesite matrix),
>>> therefore a
>>>>>> case
>>>>>> where most of the garnet growth took place in the coesite
>>> field.
>>>>>> Kind regards
>>>>>> Christian
>>>>>> ---
>>>>>> Christian Chopin           [log in to unmask]
>>>>>> Laboratoire de Géologie
>>>>>> Ecole normale supérieure - CNRS UMR8538
>>>>>> 24 rue Lhomond
>>>>>> 75231 PARIS CEDEX 05
>>>>>> France
>>>>>> Le 2022-06-30 20:19, Bruce Yardley a écrit :
>>>>>>> Hi Martin, Pavel and all
>>>>>>>  This is a very interesting observation. Even if some
>>> garnet
>>>>>> does grow
>>>>>>> at ultra high-P it still would not account for coesite
>>> through
>>>>>> the
>>>>>>> bulk of the garnet. My suggestion, for what it's worth, is
>>> that
>>>>>> garnet
>>>>>>> may have recrystallised completely at ultra high-P so that
>>> the
>>>>>> present
>>>>>>> grains contain both old garnet material and any new
>>> material
>>>>>> generated
>>>>>>> at ultra high-P. We see this phenomenon in migmatite
>>> restites,
>>>>>> where
>>>>>>> garnets can be texturally quite different from those formed
>>>
>>>>>> before the
>>>>>>> onset of melting, still present at lower grade. I have also
>>> seen
>>>>>>> examples where plagioclase in pelites completely
>>> recrystallised
>>>>>> into
>>>>>>> large porphyroblasts at the staurolite-out isograd,
>>> although the
>>>>>> modal
>>>>>>> abundance only increased very slightly. In these cases,
>>>>>>> recrystallisation accompanies reactions that that involve a
>>> lot
>>>>>> of the
>>>>>>> rock and release fluid or melt. Can you say whether the
>>>>>>> coesite-bearing garnet grains last formed while some other
>>>>>> reaction
>>>>>>> was going on, even if it did not generate much new garnet?
>>> At
>>>>>> UHP
>>>>>>> conditions alumiosilicates are much more soluble and this
>>> may
>>>>>> make
>>>>>>> recrystallisation easier.
>>>>>>>  Good wishes
>>>>>>>  Bruce
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Bruce Yardley
>>>>>>> Emeritus Professor
>>>>>>> School of Earth and Environment
>>>>>>> University of Leeds
>>>>>>> Leeds LS2 9JT
>>>>>>> UK
>>>>>>> Tel: +44(0)7745 132560
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> https://www.lakedistrictgeology.co.uk/
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> -------------------------
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> FROM: Metamorphic Studies Group
>>>>>> <[log in to unmask]> on
>>>>>>> behalf of Pavel Pitra <[log in to unmask]>
>>>>>>> SENT: 30 June 2022 17:48
>>>>>>> TO: [log in to unmask]
>>>>>> <[log in to unmask]>
>>>>>>> SUBJECT: Re: [geo-metamorphism] how do coesite inclusions
>>> end up
>>>>>> in
>>>>>>> garnet?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Hi Martin and all,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I would tend to agree with Jarek that quartz inclusions may
>>> have
>>>>>>> difficulties to convert to coesite, in particular if the
>>>>>> excursion to
>>>>>>> the coesite stability field is only of limited "extent"
>>> (both in
>>>>>> time
>>>>>>> and PT terms).
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On the other hand, I would at least partly disagree with
>>> the
>>>>>> statement
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> that "For a wide range of bulk compositions, mineral
>>> equilibria
>>>>>>> modelling suggests garnet modes are generally quasi
>>> invariant
>>>>>> above
>>>>>>> about 2.4 GPa for a range of rocks types".
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> This is true for eclogite-facies conditions (at least for
>>>>>> metabasic
>>>>>>> rocks). However, at lower temperatures garnet can
>>> definitely
>>>>>> grow with
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> increasing temperature, in particular in the lawsonite
>>> stability
>>>>>> field
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> (both in metapelitic and metabasic rocks), and even more so
>>>
>>>>>> close to
>>>>>>> the
>>>>>>> upper T limit of lawsonite. This is nicely shown in Fig. 10
>>> of
>>>>>> Paola
>>>>>>> Manzotti's recent paper on a new, cold, coesite-bearing
>>> unit in
>>>>>> the
>>>>>>> Dora-Maira massif
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>
>> (https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs00410-022-01923-8&amp;data=05%7C01%7CB.W.D.Yardley%40leeds.ac.uk%7Ce1d0b185a7a4466f146f08da5ab881f3%7Cbdeaeda8c81d45ce863e5232a535b7cb%7C1%7C0%7C637922045749071871%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp;sdata=PUWEOs2qLqoVInSpgmct6X%2BQMbS7%2FLD0XmONv8FcvLk%3D&amp;reserved=0). 
>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> So I believe the PT path of the rocks can play an important
>>>
>>>>>> role, and
>>>>>>> perhaps at least some of the coesite-bearing rocks went
>>> through
>>>>>> the
>>>>>>> HP-LT conditions before the eclogite-facies peak. (That's
>>> why
>>>>>> looking
>>>>>>> at
>>>>>>> the prograde PT paths is so important)
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Cheers,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Pavel
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On 30/06/2022 18:02, Jaroslaw Majka wrote:
>>>>>>>> Hi Martin,
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> To follow up, I would ask even more straightforward
>>>>>> (provocative?)
>>>>>>>> question, namely whether quartz actually ever converts
>>> into
>>>>>> coesite
>>>>>>> if
>>>>>>>> captured at low P or no?
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> My observations from various UHP rocks and some reading I
>>> have
>>>>>> done
>>>>>>>> suggest that coesite should/would be a newly formed phase
>>>>>> rather
>>>>>>> than a
>>>>>>>> pseudopmorph.
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Best,
>>>>>>>> Jarek
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Sent from my iPhone
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> On 30 Jun 2022, at 17:46, Martin Hand
>>>>>> <[log in to unmask]>
>>>>>>> wrote:
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Hi folks,
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> I’d be interested in your collective thoughts about
>>> coesite
>>>>>>> inclusions
>>>>>>>>> in garnet.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> For a wide range of bulk compositions, mineral equilibria
>>>
>>>>>> modelling
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> suggests garnet modes are generally quasi invariant above
>>>
>>>>>> about 2.4
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> GPa for a range of rocks types.  Therefore in general,
>>> garnet
>>>>>>>>> shouldn’t be able to capture coesite in an equilibrium
>>>>>> system..
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> So unless garnet nuceation is radically overstepped, the
>>>>>> presence
>>>>>>> of
>>>>>>>>> coesite in garnet means captured quartz had to convert to
>>>
>>>>>> coesite
>>>>>>>>> after inclusion in garnet (?).
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> If quartz inclusions in garnet convert to coesite,
>>> presumably
>>>>>>> garnet
>>>>>>>>> needs to deform (contract) to accommodate the c. 10%
>>> quartz to
>>>>>>> coesite
>>>>>>>>> volume change.  So maybe(?) some of the ubiquitous
>>> fractures
>>>>>> in
>>>>>>> high-P
>>>>>>>>> garnets are prograde strains.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> However looking in places like the Western Gneiss
>>> Complex, it
>>>>>> seems
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> that only an extremely small fraction of quartz
>>> inclusions in
>>>>>>> garnet
>>>>>>>>> converted to coesite (based on the prevalence of quartz
>>>>>> inclusions
>>>>>>>>> that show no microstructural evidence they were ever
>>> coesite).
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> I guess a caveat to the bracketed statement is that
>>> coesite to
>>>>>>> quartz
>>>>>>>>> microstructures and their garnet host may have annealed,
>>>>>> obscuring
>>>>>>> the
>>>>>>>>> former presence of abundant coesite.  However the
>>> apparent
>>>>>> paucity
>>>>>>> of
>>>>>>>>> evidence for coesite in the WGC (for example) seems
>>> logical,
>>>>>>> because
>>>>>>>>> the garnet load forms well down-P of coesite-in.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Some papers demonstrate quartz in garnet can metastably
>>>>>> persist
>>>>>>> above
>>>>>>>>> coesite-in.  Perhaps this is generally the case and
>>> conversion
>>>>>> of
>>>>>>>>> quartz inclusions in garnet to coesite is the exception
>>> rather
>>>>>> than
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> the rule.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> I’m interested in what people think.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> martin
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Martin Hand
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Department of Earth Sciences
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> University of Adelaide
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Phone: +61 (0)419 314 306
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>
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>>>>>>
>>>
>> https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiscmail.ac.uk%2FGEO-METAMORPHISM&amp;data=05%7C01%7CB.W.D.Yardley%40leeds.ac.uk%7Ce1d0b185a7a4466f146f08da5ab881f3%7Cbdeaeda8c81d45ce863e5232a535b7cb%7C1%7C0%7C637922045749228112%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp;sdata=nP7HVAESjAFDVcqDEmzDYonAuu6jRLGMrkqpb%2B710wQ%3D&amp;reserved=0 
>>
>>>>>>> [5], a mailing list hosted by
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>
>> https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiscmail.ac.uk%2F&amp;data=05%7C01%7CB.W.D.Yardley%40leeds.ac.uk%7Ce1d0b185a7a4466f146f08da5ab881f3%7Cbdeaeda8c81d45ce863e5232a535b7cb%7C1%7C0%7C637922045749228112%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp;sdata=jEUAeIx8gK6me7deOeT4O47jcALoFoLSqebj6bXNjis%3D&amp;reserved=0 
>>
>>>>>>> [6], terms & conditions are available at
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>
>> https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiscmail.ac.uk%2Fpolicyandsecurity%2F&amp;data=05%7C01%7CB.W.D.Yardley%40leeds.ac.uk%7Ce1d0b185a7a4466f146f08da5ab881f3%7Cbdeaeda8c81d45ce863e5232a535b7cb%7C1%7C0%7C637922045749228112%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp;sdata=CspRFyVvwKvjMqg1SGioRljwwOJrIYGWLok%2Fv3HrdlI%3D&amp;reserved=0 
>>
>>>>>>> [7]
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> -------------------------
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from the GEO-METAMORPHISM list, click the
>>>>>> following
>>>>>>> link:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>
>> https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/WA-JISC.exe?SUBED1=GEO-METAMORPHISM&A=1 
>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Links:
>>>>>>> ------
>>>>>>> [1]
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>
>> https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelaide.edu.au%2Fdirectory%2Fmartin.hand&amp;amp;data=05%7C01%7CB.W.D.Yardley%40leeds.ac.uk%7Ce1d0b185a7a4466f146f08da5ab881f3%7Cbdeaeda8c81d45ce863e5232a535b7cb%7C1%7C0%7C637922045749071871%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp;amp;sdata=6Yg2j2ro3n0B60q2spHyA6C098RROv1itebUPzaeH38%3D&amp;amp;reserved=0 
>>
>>>>>>> [2]
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>
>> https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiscmail.ac.uk%2Fcgi-bin%2FWA-JISC.exe%3FSUBED1%3DGEO-METAMORPHISM%26A%3D1&amp;amp;data=05%7C01%7CB.W.D.Yardley%40leeds.ac.uk%7Ce1d0b185a7a4466f146f08da5ab881f3%7Cbdeaeda8c81d45ce863e5232a535b7cb%7C1%7C0%7C637922045749228112%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp;amp;sdata=BMCWY5e7Qa4Awss3NZxE6%2BTivJrNlEG1zlbduvgkO0c%3D&amp;amp;reserved=0 
>>
>>>>>>> [3]
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>
>> https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uu.se%2Fom-uu%2Fdataskydd-personuppgifter%2F&amp;amp;data=05%7C01%7CB.W.D.Yardley%40leeds.ac.uk%7Ce1d0b185a7a4466f146f08da5ab881f3%7Cbdeaeda8c81d45ce863e5232a535b7cb%7C1%7C0%7C637922045749228112%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp;amp;sdata=A90f2bC1GB68zPqGpNlzgXi7T6vmOpLqv7FDtQ%2FzJGA%3D&amp;amp;reserved=0 
>>
>>>>>>> [4]
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>
>> https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uu.se%2Fen%2Fabout-uu%2Fdata-protection-policy&amp;amp;data=05%7C01%7CB.W.D.Yardley%40leeds.ac.uk%7Ce1d0b185a7a4466f146f08da5ab881f3%7Cbdeaeda8c81d45ce863e5232a535b7cb%7C1%7C0%7C637922045749228112%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp;amp;sdata=KcyQLGoDLnwjkRcVEfEJjpNxZwyxSUQl3fZwKaRNYgk%3D&amp;amp;reserved=0 
>>
>>>>>>> [5]
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>
>> https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiscmail.ac.uk%2FGEO-METAMORPHISM&amp;amp;data=05%7C01%7CB.W.D.Yardley%40leeds.ac.uk%7Ce1d0b185a7a4466f146f08da5ab881f3%7Cbdeaeda8c81d45ce863e5232a535b7cb%7C1%7C0%7C637922045749228112%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp;amp;sdata=nP7HVAESjAFDVcqDEmzDYonAuu6jRLGMrkqpb%2B710wQ%3D&amp;amp;reserved=0 
>>
>>>>>>> [6]
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>
>> https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiscmail.ac.uk%2F&amp;amp;data=05%7C01%7CB.W.D.Yardley%40leeds.ac.uk%7Ce1d0b185a7a4466f146f08da5ab881f3%7Cbdeaeda8c81d45ce863e5232a535b7cb%7C1%7C0%7C637922045749228112%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp;amp;sdata=jEUAeIx8gK6me7deOeT4O47jcALoFoLSqebj6bXNjis%3D&amp;amp;reserved=0 
>>
>>>>>>> [7]
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>
>> https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jiscmail.ac.uk%2Fpolicyandsecurity%2F&amp;amp;data=05%7C01%7CB.W.D.Yardley%40leeds.ac.uk%7Ce1d0b185a7a4466f146f08da5ab881f3%7Cbdeaeda8c81d45ce863e5232a535b7cb%7C1%7C0%7C637922045749228112%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000%7C%7C%7C&amp;amp;sdata=CspRFyVvwKvjMqg1SGioRljwwOJrIYGWLok%2Fv3HrdlI%3D&amp;amp;reserved=0 
>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>
>> ########################################################################
>>>>>> To unsubscribe from the GEO-METAMORPHISM list, click the
>>> following
>>>>>> link:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>
>> https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/WA-JISC.exe?SUBED1=GEO-METAMORPHISM&A=1 
>>
>>>>>> This message was issued to members of
>>>>>> www.jiscmail.ac.uk/GEO-METAMORPHISM, a mailing list hosted by
>>>>>> www.jiscmail.ac.uk, terms & conditions are available at
>>>>>> https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/policyandsecurity/
>>>>>>
>>>
>> ########################################################################
>>>>>> To unsubscribe from the GEO-METAMORPHISM list, click the
>>> following
>>>>>> link:
>>>>>>
>>>
>> https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/WA-JISC.exe?SUBED1=GEO-METAMORPHISM&A=1 
>>
>>>>>> This message was issued to members of
>>>>>> www.jiscmail.ac.uk/GEO-METAMORPHISM, a mailing list hosted by
>>>>>> www.jiscmail.ac.uk, terms & conditions are available at
>>>>>> https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/policyandsecurity/
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>
>> ########################################################################
>>>>>
>>>>> To unsubscribe from the GEO-METAMORPHISM list, click the
>>> following
>>>>> link:
>>>>>
>>>
>> https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/WA-JISC.exe?SUBED1=GEO-METAMORPHISM&A=1 
>>
>>>>>
>>>>> This message was issued to members of
>>>>> www.jiscmail.ac.uk/GEO-METAMORPHISM, a mailing list hosted by
>>>>> www.jiscmail.ac.uk, terms & conditions are available at
>>>>> https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/policyandsecurity/
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>> ########################################################################
>>>>
>>>> To unsubscribe from the GEO-METAMORPHISM list, click the following
>>>
>>>> link:
>>>>
>>>
>> https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/WA-JISC.exe?SUBED1=GEO-METAMORPHISM&A=1 
>>
>>>>
>>>> This message was issued to members of
>>>> www.jiscmail.ac.uk/GEO-METAMORPHISM, a mailing list hosted by
>>>> www.jiscmail.ac.uk, terms & conditions are available at
>>>> https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/policyandsecurity/
>>>
>>>
>> ########################################################################
>>>
>>> To unsubscribe from the GEO-METAMORPHISM list, click the following
>>> link:
>>>
>> https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/WA-JISC.exe?SUBED1=GEO-METAMORPHISM&A=1 
>>
>>>
>>> This message was issued to members of
>>> www.jiscmail.ac.uk/GEO-METAMORPHISM, a mailing list hosted by
>>> www.jiscmail.ac.uk, terms & conditions are available at
>>> https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/policyandsecurity/
>>
>> -------------------------
>>
>> To unsubscribe from the GEO-METAMORPHISM list, click the following
>> link:
>> https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/WA-JISC.exe?SUBED1=GEO-METAMORPHISM&A=1 
>>
>
> ########################################################################
>
> To unsubscribe from the GEO-METAMORPHISM list, click the following link:
> https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/WA-JISC.exe?SUBED1=GEO-METAMORPHISM&A=1 
>
>
> This message was issued to members of 
> www.jiscmail.ac.uk/GEO-METAMORPHISM, a mailing list hosted by 
> www.jiscmail.ac.uk, terms & conditions are available at 
> https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/policyandsecurity/

-- 
**********************************************
Sumit Chakraborty
Professor, Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Geophysik
and
Director, RUBION

ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, Associate-Editor

Ruhr Universität Bochum,
Universitaetstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum
Germany
Phone: +49 – 234 322 4395
                      8521 / 8155 (Sec.)
Fax:   +49 – 234 – 321 4433
Email: [log in to unmask]
Web: 	https://www.gmg.ruhr-uni-bochum.de/en/arbeitsrichtungen/petrologie-und-geochemie
	http://www.rubion.rub.de/
**************************************************
                            

########################################################################

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