bims-librar Biomed News on Biomedical librarianship
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Issue of 2020‒06‒14 │
thirteen papers selected by │
Thomas Krichel (Open Library │
Society) │
http://e.biomed.news/librar │
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1. Strategies to resolve recall failures for proper names: New data.
2. Tackling Research Inefficiency in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy:
Illustrative Review.
3. How do Cochrane authors conduct web searching to identify studies?
Findings from a cross-sectional sample of Cochrane Reviews.
4. Ensuring the rigor in systematic reviews: Part 1, the overview.
5. A Second Pandemic? Perspective on Information Overload in the COVID-19
Era.
6. The Covid-19 'infodemic': a new front for information professionals.
7. Information Overload and Infodemic in the COVID-19 Pandemic.
8. AutoDiscern: rating the quality of online health information with
hierarchical encoder attention-based neural networks.
9. Readability of online patient education material for the novel
coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a cross-sectional health literacy study.
10. Quality assessment of patient information on orthognathic surgery on
the internet.
11. Design cues for tobacco communication: Heuristic interpretations and
usability of online health information about harmful chemicals.
12. Lifestyle Segmentation to Explain the Online Health
Information-Seeking Behavior of Older Adults: Representative Telephone
Survey.
13. Communication about suicide in YouTube videos: Content analysis of
German-language videos retrieved with method-and help-related search
terms.
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Mem Cognit. 2020 Jun 08.
1. Strategies to resolve recall failures for proper names: New data.
Brédart S, Geurten M
Personal names are particularly susceptible to retrieval failures. Studies
describing people's spontaneous strategies for resolving such failures have
indicated that people frequently search for semantic or contextual
information about the target person. However, previous experimental studies
have shown that, while providing phonological information may help resolve a
name-recall failure, by contrast, providing semantic information is usually
not helpful. In the first study, in order to reduce a bias present in
previous studies of spontaneous strategies, explicit instructions were given
to participants, specifying that the focus of the study was on a voluntary
search for information. Participants reported strategically searching for
semantic/contextual strategies when they tried to resolve a name-retrieval
failure more often than they reported searching for
phonological/orthographic information. In addition,
phonological/orthographic strategies were perceived as more difficult than
semantic/contextual strategies. In a second experiment, we investigated
whether retrieving phonological information by oneself is objectively
difficult in a face-naming task: in the event of retrieval failure,
participants were instructed to search for phonological information in some
trials and for semantic information in other trials. Participants recalled
semantic information in 94% of the trials when instructed to search for
semantic information. By contrast, when instructed to search for
phonological information, participants remained unable to recall any correct
piece of phonological information in about 55% of the trials. This result
shows that the retrieval of phonological information is objectively
difficult. This difficulty could explain why people do not privilege
searching for phonology to resolve name-retrieval failures.
Keywords: Metacognition; Proper names; Tip-of-the-tongue
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-020-01057-x
URL: http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32514723
JMIR Res Protoc. 2020 Jun 11. 9(6): e15922
2. Tackling Research Inefficiency in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy:
Illustrative Review.
Khan DZ, Khan MS, Kotter MR, Davies BM
BACKGROUND: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is widely accepted as the
most common cause of adult myelopathy worldwide. Despite this, there is no
specific term or diagnostic criteria in the International Classification of
Diseases 11th Revision and no Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) or an
equivalent in common literature databases. This makes searching the
literature and thus conducting systematic reviews or meta-analyses imprecise
and inefficient. Efficient research synthesis is integral to delivering
evidence-based medicine and improving research efficiency.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to illustrate the difficulties encountered when
attempting to carry out a comprehensive and accurate evidence search in the
field of DCM by identifying the key sources of imprecision and quantifying
their impact.
METHODS: To identify the key sources of imprecision and quantify their
impact, an illustrative search strategy was developed using a validated DCM
hedge combined with contemporary strategies used by authors in previous
systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This strategy was applied to Medical
Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Excerpta
Medica dataBASE (EMBASE) databases looking for relevant DCM systematic
reviews and meta-analyses published within the last 5 years.
RESULTS: The MEDLINE via PubMed search strategy returned 24,166 results,
refined to 534 papers after the application of inclusion and exclusion
criteria. Of these, 32.96% (176/534) results were about DCM, and 18.16%
(97/534) of these were DCM systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Non-DCM
results were organized into imprecision categories (spinal: 268/534, 50.2%;
nonspinal: 84/534, 15.5%; and nonhuman: 8/534, 1.5%). The largest categories
were spinal cord injury (75/534, 13.67%), spinal neoplasms (44/534, 8.24%),
infectious diseases of the spine and central nervous system (18/534, 3.37%),
and other spinal levels (ie, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral; 18/534, 3.37%).
Counterintuitively, the use of human and adult PubMed filters was found to
exclude a large number of relevant articles. Searching a second database
(EMBASE) added an extra 12 DCM systematic reviews or meta-analyses.
CONCLUSIONS: DCM search strategies face significant imprecision, principally
because of overlapping and heterogenous search terms, and inaccurate article
indexing. Notably, commonly employed MEDLINE filters, human and adult,
reduced search sensitivity, whereas the related articles function and the
use of a second database (EMBASE) improved it. Development of a MeSH
labeling and a standardized DCM definition would allow comprehensive and
specific indexing of DCM literature. This is required to support a more
efficient research synthesis.
Keywords: cervical; disc herniation; imprecision; myelopathy; ossification
posterior longitudinal ligament; research inefficiency; spondylosis;
spondylotic; stenosis; systematic review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/15922
URL: http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32525490
Health Info Libr J. 2020 Jun 08.
3. How do Cochrane authors conduct web searching to identify studies?
Findings from a cross-sectional sample of Cochrane Reviews.
Briscoe S, Nunns M, Shaw L
BACKGROUND: Searching the World Wide Web using search engines and websites
can be conducted to identify studies for systematic reviews. When searching
to support systematic reviews, the searcher faces challenges in using the
basic search interfaces of most search engines and websites.
OBJECTIVES: To describe and evaluate current practice of web searching in a
cross-sectional sample of Cochrane Reviews. The study also describes the
stated aims of web searching, i.e. the identification of published or
unpublished studies or both.
METHODS: A six-month cross-sectional sample of Cochrane Reviews was
identified via the Cochrane Library. Reviews were inspected for detail about
web searching. Findings were described and evaluated using a framework of
key principles for web searching.
RESULTS: 423 Cochrane Reviews published August 2016-January 2017 were
identified of which 61 (14%) reported web searching. Web searches were
typically simplified versions of the bibliographic database search. Advanced
and iterative approaches were not widely used. Google Search and Google
Scholar were the most popular search engines. Most reports stated
identification of grey literature as their aim.
CONCLUSION: Basic web search interfaces necessitate simple searches.
However, there is scope to use more diverse search features and techniques
and a greater variety of search engines.
Keywords: Web 2.0; current awareness services; health care; information
management; internet; literature searching; review, literature; review,
systematized
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12313
URL: http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32511888
Heart Lung. 2020 Jun 09. pii: S0147-9563(20)30103-5. [Epub ahead of print]
4. Ensuring the rigor in systematic reviews: Part 1, the overview.
Brackett A, Batten J
Keywords: Guideline; Meta-analysis; Protocol; Systematic review
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.03.015
URL: http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32532424
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020 Jun 09. 194599820935850
5. A Second Pandemic? Perspective on Information Overload in the COVID-19
Era.
Valika TS, Maurrasse SE, Reichert L
The outbreak of COVID-19 has affected the globe in previously unimaginable
ways, with far-reaching economic and social implications. It has also led to
an outpouring of daily, ever-changing information. To assess the amount of
data that were emerging, a PubMed search related to COVID-19 was performed.
Nearly 8000 articles have been published since the virus was defined 4
months ago. This number has grown exponentially every month, potentially
hindering our ability to discern what is scientifically important. Unlike
previous global pandemics, we exist in a world of instantaneous access.
Information, accurate or otherwise, is flowing from one side of the world to
the other via word of mouth, social media, news, and medical journals.
Changes in practice guidelines should be based on high-quality, well-powered
research. Our job as health care providers is to mitigate misinformation and
provide reassurance to prevent a second pandemic of misinformation.
Keywords: COVID-19; health data; information
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599820935850
URL: http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32513072
Health Info Libr J. 2020 Jun 13.
6. The Covid-19 'infodemic': a new front for information professionals.
Naeem SB, Bhatti R
The virus, commonly known as COVID-19 which emerged in Wuhan, China, in
December 2019, has spread in 213 countries, areas or territories around the
globe, with nearly 144 683 deaths worldwide on 18 April 2020. In the wake of
this pandemic, we have witnessed a massive infodemic with the public being
bombarded with vast quantities of information, much of which is not
scientifically correct. Fighting fake news is now the new front in the
COVID-19 battle. This regular feature comments on the role of health
sciences librarians and information professionals in combating the COVID-19
infodemic. To support their work, it draws attention to the myth busters,
fact-checkers and credible sources relating to COVID-19. It also documents
the guides that libraries have put together to help the general public,
students and faculty recognise fake news.
Keywords: global health; information literacy; information professionals
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12311
URL: http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32533803
J Pak Med Assoc. 2020 May;70(Suppl 3)(5): S162-S165
7. Information Overload and Infodemic in the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Rathore FA, Farooq F
The world has experienced pandemics worse than the coronavirus disease
(COVID-19) which resulted in great loss of life and economy. However, the
global effect of this pandemic has been devastating. Billions of people are
in lockdown and isolation on six continents around the world. Most have easy
access to information due to internet connectivity and electronic media,
which has helped share information about the pandemic. However, information
overload during the current COVID-19 pandemic has posed a set of challenges
not encountered before. There is an "infodemic" in which false news,
conspiracy theories, magical cures and racist news are being shared at an
alarming rate, with the potential to increase anxiety and stress and even
lead to loss of life. This review highlights some of these challenges and
suggests general measures to avoid information overload and infodemic in the
connected world of 21st century.
Keywords: Social Media, Pakistan, Coronavirus, Facebook, WHO, Global
health, Mental health, Lockdown.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/JPMA.38
URL: http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32515403
BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2020 Jun 09. 20(1): 104
8. AutoDiscern: rating the quality of online health information with
hierarchical encoder attention-based neural networks.
Kinkead L, Allam A, Krauthammer M
BACKGROUND: Patients increasingly turn to search engines and online content
before, or in place of, talking with a health professional. Low quality
health information, which is common on the internet, presents risks to the
patient in the form of misinformation and a possibly poorer relationship
with their physician. To address this, the DISCERN criteria (developed at
University of Oxford) are used to evaluate the quality of online health
information. However, patients are unlikely to take the time to apply these
criteria to the health websites they visit.
METHODS: We built an automated implementation of the DISCERN instrument
(Brief version) using machine learning models. We compared the performance
of a traditional model (Random Forest) with that of a hierarchical encoder
attention-based neural network (HEA) model using two language embeddings,
BERT and BioBERT.
RESULTS: The HEA BERT and BioBERT models achieved average F1-macro scores
across all criteria of 0.75 and 0.74, respectively, outperforming the Random
Forest model (average F1-macro = 0.69). Overall, the neural network based
models achieved 81% and 86% average accuracy at 100% and 80% coverage,
respectively, compared to 94% manual rating accuracy. The attention
mechanism implemented in the HEA architectures not only provided 'model
explainability' by identifying reasonable supporting sentences for the
documents fulfilling the Brief DISCERN criteria, but also boosted F1
performance by 0.05 compared to the same architecture without an attention
mechanism.
CONCLUSIONS: Our research suggests that it is feasible to automate online
health information quality assessment, which is an important step towards
empowering patients to become informed partners in the healthcare process.
Keywords: Health communication; Information quality; Machine learning;
Natural language processing; Neural networks
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01131-z
URL: http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32517759
Public Health. 2020 May 30. pii: S0033-3506(20)30203-1.
9. Readability of online patient education material for the novel
coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a cross-sectional health literacy study.
Szmuda T, Özdemir C, Ali S, Singh A, Syed MT, Słoniewski P
OBJECTIVES: The internet has become one of the most important resources for
the general population when searching for healthcare information. However,
the information available is not always suitable for all readers because of
its difficult readability. We sought to assess the readability of online
information regarding the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and establish
whether they follow the patient educational information reading level
recommendations.
STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study.
METHODS: We searched five key terms on Google and the first 30 results from
each of the searches were considered for analysis. Five validated
readability tests were utilized to establish the reading level for each
article.
RESULTS: Of the 150 gathered articles, 61 met the inclusion criteria and
were evaluated. None (0%) of the articles met the recommended 5th to 6th
grade reading level (of an 11-12-year-old). The mean readability scores were
Flesch Reading Ease 44.14, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level 12.04, Gunning-Fog
Index 14.27, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook SMOG Index 10.71, and
Coleman-Liau Index 12.69.
CONCLUSIONS: Online educational articles on COVID-19 provide information too
difficult to read for the general population. The readability of articles
regarding COVID-19 and other diseases needs to improve so that the general
population may understand health information better and may respond
adequately to protect themselves and limit the spread of infection.
Keywords: COVID-19; Coronavirus; Google; Internet; Readability
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2020.05.041
URL: http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32516624
J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2020 May 28. pii: S1010-5182(20)30115-3.
10. Quality assessment of patient information on orthognathic surgery on
the internet.
Engelmann J, Fischer C, Nkenke E
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the quality of online
information for patients on orthognathic surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A selection of search terms specific for orthognathic
surgery was chosen and 150 websites were identified using the Internet
search engines Google, Yahoo and Bing. Irrelevant websites were excluded.
The remaining websites were assessed with a modified Ensuring Quality
Information for Patients (EQIP) tool. EQIP evaluates the quality of medical
patient information by measuring the three key aspects of content,
structure, and identification data.
RESULTS: 48 relevant websites were identified. EQIP values ranged between 2
and 28 (median 13.65). While 37 of the 48 websites described details of the
surgical procedures, only 13 mentioned possible risks and complications of
the surgery. No differences were found between the websites of private
practices, dentists and public hospitals, universities, or others
(p = 0.66). Websites found by Google had a significantly lower EQIP score
compared with Yahoo and Bing (11.12 vs. 16.60 for Yahoo and 16.23 for Bing;
p = 0.012). The better the rank of the website, the higher the EQIP score
(r = -0.411, p = 0.004).
CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study reflected a large variation of
quality of information on orthognathic surgery on the Internet. Therefore,
surgeons must be aware that they might be confronted with unrealistic
expectations of patients, who may underestimate the potential risks and
drawbacks of orthognathic surgery.
Keywords: EQIP; Evaluation; Health information; Oral; Orthognathic
surgery; Patient information
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcms.2020.05.004
URL: http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32518020
Int J Med Inform. 2020 May 17. pii: S1386-5056(20)30037-X.
11. Design cues for tobacco communication: Heuristic interpretations and
usability of online health information about harmful chemicals.
Lazard AJ
OBJECTIVE: Many people have a poor understanding of the numerous chemicals
in tobacco products that cause severe health harms. The US government must
display a list of these harmful chemicals for the public. Online disclosures
are one promising solution, but evidence is needed for effective design
strategies to encourage interpretation and use of information as intended.
METHOD: To examine the impact of website designs for the activation of
heuristics and usability perceptions, a national probability sample of US
adolescents and adults (n = 1441) was randomized in a 3 (chemical format) ×
2 (webpage layout) between-subjects online experiment. Chemicals were
displayed as names only, with a visual risk indicator, or with numerical
ranges. Layouts displayed health harms at the top of the webpage separate
from chemicals or the chemicals grouped by associated health harms.
Participants viewed a webpage and reported activated heuristics, usability
(perceived ease of use and usefulness), and intentions to use the website.
RESULTS: Displaying risk indicators increased website usability by
encouraging users to rely on colors to interpret the risk of the chemicals
(all p < .01). Website designs that grouped chemicals with harms allowed
users to link the chemicals to harms they cause and increased perceived
usability and intentions to use the website (all p < .001).
CONCLUSION: Assessing heuristics gives insights for how US adolescents and
adults interpret chemical information and the impact of design strategies on
usability. Public disclosures of chemicals in tobacco products could be
optimized with color-coded risk indicators and layouts placing chemicals
near the harms they cause.
Keywords: Health communication; Heuristics; Technology acceptance; Tobacco
control; Website design; eHealth
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104177
URL: http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32521448
J Med Internet Res. 2020 Jun 12. 22(6): e15099
12. Lifestyle Segmentation to Explain the Online Health
Information-Seeking Behavior of Older Adults: Representative Telephone
Survey.
Weber W, Reinhardt A, Rossmann C
BACKGROUND: As a result of demographic changes, the number of people aged 60
years and older has been increasing steadily. Therefore, older adults have
become more important as a target group for health communication efforts.
Various studies show that online health information sources have gained
importance among younger adults, but we know little about the health-related
internet use of senior citizens in general and in particular about the
variables explaining their online health-related information-seeking
behavior. Media use studies indicate that in addition to sociodemographic
variables, lifestyle factors might play a role in this context.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine older people's
health-related internet use. Our study focused on the explanatory potential
of lifestyle types over and above sociodemographic variables to predict
older adults' internet use for health information.
METHODS: A telephone survey was conducted with a random sample of German
adults aged 60 years and older (n=701) that was quota-allocated by gender,
age, educational status, and degree of urbanity of their place of residence.
RESULTS: The results revealed that participants used the internet
infrequently (mean 1.82 [SD 1.07]), and medical personnel (mean 2.89 [SD
1.11]), family and friends (mean 2.86 [SD 1.21]), and health brochures (mean
2.85 [SD 1.21]) were their main sources of health information. A
hierarchical cluster analysis based on values, interests, and leisure time
activities revealed three different lifestyle types for adults aged over 60
years: the Sociable Adventurer, the Average Family Person, and the
Uninterested Inactive. After adding these types as second-step predictors in
a hierarchical regression model with sociodemographic variables (step 1),
the explained variance increased significantly (R2=.02, P=.001), indicating
that the Average Family Person and the Sociable Adventurer use the internet
more often for health information than the Uninterested Inactive, over and
above their sociodemographic attributes.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that the internet still plays only a
minor role in the health information-seeking behavior of older German
adults. Nevertheless, there are subgroups including younger, more active,
down-to-earth and family-oriented males that may be reached with online
health information. Our findings suggest that lifestyle types should be
taken into account when predicting health-related internet use behavior.
Keywords: cluster analysis; lifestyle; older adults; online health
information seeking; segmentation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/15099
URL: http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32530433
Psychiatry Res. 2020 Jun 01. pii: S0165-1781(19)31913-4.
13. Communication about suicide in YouTube videos: Content analysis of
German-language videos retrieved with method-and help-related search
terms.
Niederkrotenthaler T, Schacherl R, Till B
Online searches for information on suicide are very common but studies on
how the topic is addressed on one of the the most relevant platforms,
YouTube, are missing. We performed a content analysis of German-language
videos retrieved with the basic term "suicide", a method-related search term
("how to hang yourself"), and a help-related term ("suicide prevention"). We
assessed the quality of n=232 randomly selected videos based on media
recommendations for suicide reporting. Characteristics of videos retrieved
with the method- and help-related search term, were compared to search
results for "suicide". Videos retrieved with the help-related term had more
potentially protective and fewer harmful characteristics than those
retrieved with the other search terms. For example, these videos
significantly more often debunked suicide myths and provided contact
information to help services. In total, the mean number of harmful and
protective characteristics per video were 1.6 and 1.3 for basic searches;
1.7 and 1.0 for method-related searches, and 0.4 and 2.8 for help-related
searches, respectively. Videos retrieved in the help-related search were
often from help organizations. Only 3% and 8% of videos retrieved with
"suicide" and "how to hang yourself", respectively, were age-restricted.
Collaborations between suicide prevention and Youtube are warranted to
improve the visibility of protective contents and ensure a better
implementation of Youtube's own policies regarding self-harm.
Keywords: Content analysis; Internet; Suicide; YouTube
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113170
URL: http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32526517
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