In this context you might find the distinction between “context of
discovery” and “context of justification” useful, which has been broadly
discussed since the 1930s. See for instance:
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/scientific-discovery/#DisBetConDisConJus
Kind regards,
Manfred
Am 20.01.19 um 22:40 schrieb Goel, Ashok K:
> Hi Julian and colleagues,
>
>
> Yes, designers sometimes use biological analogues to evaluate and
> explain design solutions, and not necessarily for design generation. In
> "A Content Account of Creative Analogies in Biologically Inspired
> Design. /AIEDAM /24:467-481, 2010" we found that abundant evidence for
> all of these processes.
>
> Nevertheless, explanation and justification too are legitimate and often
> very difficult cognitive processes. Thus, part of the cognitive power of
> biological analogies lies in their potential for supporting design
> experimentation, evaluation and explanation. For example, if the
> Shinkansen engineers used biological analogues only for design
> validation and justification, the analogies still served a useful
> cognitive function and thus have much value.
>
> Further, the cognitive processes of design generation and design
> evaluation and explanation are highly interleaved and cannot be easily
> separated. For example, in "On the Role of Analogy in Resolving
> Cognitive Dissonance in Collaborative Interdisciplinary Design. LNAI
> 8765, pp. 185-199, 2014/." /we found that members of a design team used
> biological analogies to explain complex concepts to one another but that
> the explanations were parts of the process of design generation.
>
> Furthermore, from a cognitive perspective, there is no /a priori /reason
> to believe that the processes of analogical generation, analogical
> evaluation, analogical explanation, etc., are fundamentally different
> from one another. Thus, I should think that a theory of one of these
> processes would also provide insights into the other processes, and that
> a general theory would entail all of them. FWIW, the just published "A
> Computational Theory of Evaluation in Creative Design, IBM Journal of
> Research & Development, 2019, doi: 10.1147/JRD.2019.2893901" provides a
> computational theory of analogical evaluation in biomimicry that is
> consistent with our prior work on analogical generation. Thank you.
>
> Best regards,
> Ashok//
>
> Ashok K. Goel
>
> Professor, School of Interactive Computing,
>
> Georgia Institute of Technology
>
> http://dilab.gatech.edu/ashok-k-goel/
>
> Editor, AAAI AI Magazine
>
> <http://w>https://www.aaai.org/ojs/index.php/aimagazine/
>
> Co-Chair, CogSci 2019
> http://www.cognitivesciencesociety.org/conference/cogsci-2019/
> <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WbCguICyfTA&t=220s>
>
>
> <http://www.aaai.org/Magazine/magazine.php>
>
>
>
> ------------------------------------------------------------------------
> *From:* Engineers and biologists mechanical design list
> <[log in to unmask]> on behalf of Julian Vincent
> <[log in to unmask]>
> *Sent:* Tuesday, January 8, 2019 3:53 PM
> *To:* [log in to unmask]
> *Subject:* Re: Biomimetics jokes
> OK - as part of the education process. But we have to be careful that
> technology doesn’t regard it as toys.
> Best wishes
> Julian
>
>> On 8 Jan 2019, at 20:45, Hisham Abdel-Aal <[log in to unmask]
>> <mailto:[log in to unmask]>> wrote:
>>
>> Julian, I do understand the possible derogatory influence of a
>> confirmatory practice. This is not what I intended. One often is
>> trying to convince engineers that Biology has feasible examples that
>> can accelerate research & development of a product if investigated.
>> Using pre-existing confirmatory examples might help convince the
>> skeptics. Several years of independent research managed only to
>> reinvent the wheel.
>> Incidentally, hummingbirds are being studied in some chinese work for
>> their high speed train :
>>
>> https://www.hindawi.com/journals/complexity/2018/3689178/
>>
>>
>>
>> On Tue, Jan 8, 2019 at 3:08 PM Julian Vincent
>> <[log in to unmask]
>> <mailto:[log in to unmask]>> wrote:
>>
>> But from a practical point of view, this sort of parallelism is
>> only confirmatory. It is no help if you are trying to develop a
>> new concept and look to biology for inspiration and examples,
>> because it doesn’t give you the tools for search and analysis. I
>> don’t know what you want to do with biomimetics, but I want to use
>> it to devlop better ways of designing something. It is possibly
>> even destructive to the development of useful process if you use
>> biology as post-hoc illustration. It detracts from the
>> intellectual difficulty of devising new analytical techniques.
>>
>> Julian
>>
>>
>>> On 8 Jan 2019, at 19:24, Hisham Abdel-Aal
>>> <[log in to unmask] <mailto:[log in to unmask]>> wrote:
>>>
>>> Julian and Eileen
>>> We may ask the reverse question, if one is to start by a
>>> kingfisher-inspiration would the results lead to a nose cone
>>> similar to that implemented?? regardless of the truth of that
>>> myth or not. If it is true, and I do not know for sure, then that
>>> is a case for bio-inspiration.
>>>
>>> There are cases in aerodynamics when some wing structures were
>>> thought by aerodynamicists (e.g, swept back wing-tips and
>>> crescent shaped wings) independent from a biological-inspiration.
>>> It was discovered later on, that some of the shapes are the cause
>>> of efficient flight in some bird species.
>>>
>>> On Tue, Jan 8, 2019 at 1:56 PM Julian Vincent
>>> <[log in to unmask] <mailto:[log in to unmask]>> wrote:
>>>
>>> My case is that he jumped on the biomimicry bandwagon. The
>>> research was done in the mid 1990s. No birds were harmed in
>>> this study - or even observed. It’s greenwash.
>>>
>>>
>>> > On 8 Jan 2019, at 18:18, Eileen Stephens
>>> <[log in to unmask] <mailto:[log in to unmask]>> wrote:
>>> >
>>> > Julian,
>>> > As I'm sure you know, the paper to which you refer is
>>> available in English (probably not same exact version as this
>>> was published in...2011? But I'm hoping close.)
>>> https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1260/0263-0923.30.1.1
>>> >
>>> > The paper talks about tunnel exits. With the kingfisher,
>>> the author was interested in tunnel entries. He is noted in
>>> endnote #9.
>>> >
>>> > Putting aside whether or not you buy the validity of the
>>> results of the analysis/efforts, the man believes he engaged
>>> in biomimicry in developing the design.
>>> >
>>> > Eileen
>>> >
>>> >
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>>>
>>> --
>>> Hisham A Abdel-Aal, PhD,
>>> Professor
>>> Laboratoire de Mécanique et Procédé de Fabrication (LMPF, EA4106)
>>> Arts et Métiers Paris Tech.
>>> Rue St Dominique, BP 508, 51006 Châlons-en-Champagne Cedex, FRANCE
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>> --
>> Hisham A Abdel-Aal, PhD,
>> Professor
>> Laboratoire de Mécanique et Procédé de Fabrication (LMPF, EA4106)
>> Arts et Métiers Paris Tech.
>> Rue St Dominique, BP 508, 51006 Châlons-en-Champagne Cedex, FRANCE
>> Téléphone : +33 (0)3 26 69 26 91 94
>> Fax : +33 (0)3 26 69 91 76
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