Dear Jinan,
Thank you for your great questions.
There is a considerable literature on this area of learning in the realm of early childhood studies. Key names in the western literature (in no particular order) are Lev Vigotski, Albert Bandura, Erik Erikson, John Bowlby, Jean Piaget, BF Skinner, Jerome Singer, J. B Calhoun, Naom Chomsky, John Dewey, Sara Smilanski, Maria Montessori, Mildred Parten, John Watson, Uri Bronfenbrenner, Mary Ainsworth. (As a publisher I published a book in this area and had to learn it!)
Bandura's argument, which I like best of them, is that the dominant process of very early childhood learning is a process of 'copying of valued others'. This makes sense in evolutionary terms. If the person(s) who are 'valued others' have survived in that environment it makes good sense in terms of the survival of a new born human animal to copy them. In terms of trial and error, it puts the majority of the trial and error at one remove. That is, it is the valued other (or others) that do the majority of the trial and error as more developed human animals, and this is then copied rather than being learned from scratch by each baby. In an extended form that is the role of academic research :-)
Lev Vigotski's zone of proximal development possibly aligns closest with the idea of trial and error by the baby in early childhood theory terms
My own observation is that very-early motor learning behaviours (just post-born) are very much like the behaviours of early forms of robot arms with point-to-point controller systems. These systems are useful because they use the smallest amount of 'cognition' and the simplest 'muscle' processes, to achieve the maximum activities and maximal amount of movement learning in the environment that they can encompass - exactly what one might expect might be needed by a just born human animal.
There is also a substantial amount of literature on the learning of other primates. Not least about the gorilla Koko, whose learning has been well documented, who died earlier this week.
Regards,
Terry
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Dr Terence Love
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-----Original Message-----
From: [log in to unmask] <[log in to unmask]> On Behalf Of Jinan K B
Sent: Saturday, 23 June 2018 9:53 AM
To: PhD-Design - This list is for discussion of PhD studies and related research in Design <[log in to unmask]>
Subject: Trial and error as learning
Friends
Thank you for responding to my question about Learning styles which I am still exploring. meanwhile, I have one more query.
What is trial and error? Has any deep study done on this?
I am asking this because this is being used loosely quite often. As I am exploring deeply what is really learning, a correct definition would be of use.
Do biological beings learn by trial and error or it is their nature to learn? Is practice trial and error?
Can the activites of babies be seen as trial and error or is it because their hands are not yet steady ?
Hope some of you can help.
--
Jinan,
TEXT DISTORTS, DIGITAL DESTROYS, WORLD AWAKENS http://existentialknowledgefoundation.org/
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https://independent.academia.edu/JinanKodapully
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