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MEDICAL: DISEASES: DIABETES:
Diabetes Continues Its Relentless Rise
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Diabetes Continues Its Relentless Rise
April 13, 2017
by Serena Gordon
Medical Xpress
https://medicalxpress.com/news/2017-04-diabetes-relentless.html
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(HealthDay)Two new studies on diabetes deliver good and bad news, but the
overall message is that the blood sugar disease remains a formidable
public health burden.
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The first study looked at the incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in
U.S. children, and uncovered this troubling trend: From 2002 to 2012, the
rates for both types of diabetes increased, especially among racial and
ethnic minorities.
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But a bit of hope was offered up in the second study: Swedish researchers
reported a drop in the incidence of heart disease and stroke in adults
with both types of diabetes.
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snip
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Cefalu added that the Swedish study was encouraging and shows that things
are "trending in the right direction. Because of research in diabetes,
we've been able to improve the lives of millions of people with diabetes
around the world, but the disease is still increasing worldwide. We still
have a lot of work to do."
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In the United States, approximately 29 million people have diabetes,
according to the ADA. The vast majority of those have type 2 diabetes.
About 1.3 million people have type 1 diabetes.
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In people with type 2 diabetes, the body doesn't use insulin properly.
This is called insulin resistance. Insulin is a hormone that helps usher
sugar from foods into the body's cells to be used as fuel. When someone
has type 2 diabetes, this process doesn't work well and blood sugar levels
rise. Obesity is the main risk factor for type 2 diabetes, though it's not
the only factor involved in the disease.
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Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. The body's immune system
mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This
leaves someone with type 1 diabetes with little to no insulin. To stay
alive, someone with type 1 diabetes must replace that insulin through
injections.
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"The specific genes and environmental/behavioral factors that cause type 2
diabetes are different than those that cause type 1 diabetes," explained
Elizabeth Mayer-Davis, the author of the study on diabetes incidence in
children.
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Mayer-Davis and colleagues found that type 1 diabetes was increasing 1.8
percent a year. The increase was significantly larger for Hispanic
children, at 4.2 percent a year. That compared with 1.2 percent for white
children, the findings showed.
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snip
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"The increase in incidence of type 2 diabetes is likely related primarily
to the increases in overweight and obesity in youth, although this is not
the only reason," said Mayer-Davis. She's a professor of nutrition and
medicine at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
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The second study looked at all of the people registered in a Swedish
National Database from 1998 through 2012, and followed their health
through 2014. The database has nearly 37,000 people with type 1 diabetes
and more than 457,000 with type 2 diabetes. These patients were compared
to similar people without diabetes (the "control" group).
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The researchers saw roughly a 40 percent greater reduction in heart
disease and stroke in people with type 1 diabetes compared to the matched
controls. In people with type 2 diabetes, there was roughly a 20 percent
greater drop in heart disease and stroke compared to the control group,
the study showed.
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When it came to deaths during the study period, people with type 1
diabetes had similar reductions in the number of deaths compared to
controls. People with type 2, however, had smaller reductions in deaths
versus the control group, the researchers found.
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The complete article may be read at the URL above.
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Both studies were published April 13 in the New England Journal of
Medicine.
Youth with type 2 diabetes develop complications more
often than type 1 peers
https://medicalxpress.com/news/
2017-02-diabetes-diagnosis-youth-health-complications.html
OR
http://tinyurl.com/ny8854u
More information: Aidin Rawshani, M.D. and Ph.D. student, Sahlgrenska
University Hospital and the Institute of Medicine at the University of
Gothenberg, Sweden; Elizabeth Mayer-Davis, Ph.D., professor, nutrition and
medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; William Cefalu, M.D.,
chief scientific, medical and mission officer, American Diabetes
Association; April 13, 2017, New England Journal of Medicine.
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Learn more about preventing type 2 diabetes from the U.S. National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/
diabetes/overview/preventing-type-2-diabetes/50-ways
OR
http://tinyurl.com/kkodukg
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Journal reference: New England Journal of Medicine
https://medicalxpress.com/journals/new-england-journal-of-medicine/
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The complete article may be read at the URL above at the top of this post.
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David Dillard
Temple University
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