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MEDICAL: STATISTICS :
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY :
FOOD DRINK NUTRITION DIET: NUTRITION :
MEDICAL: CONDITIONS: OBESITY :
UNITED STATES: GOVERNMENT: DOCUMENTS:
Healthy People 2020:
Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
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Healthy People 2020:
Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/leading-health-indicators/
2020-lhi-topics/Nutrition-Physical-Activity-and-Obesity
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A shorter URL for the above link:
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http://tinyurl.com/guf98gt
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Overview and Impact
https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/leading-health-indicators/
2020-lhi-topics/Nutrition-Physical-Activity-and-Obesity
Good nutrition, physical activity, and a healthy body weight are essential
parts of a persons overall health and well-being. Together, these can help
decrease a persons risk of developing serious health conditions, such as
high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, heart disease, stroke,
and cancer. A healthful diet, regular physical activity, and achieving and
maintaining a healthy weight also are paramount to managing health
conditions so they do not worsen over time.
Most Americans, however, do not eat a healthful diet and are not
physically active at levels needed to maintain proper health. Fewer than 1
in 3 adults and an even lower proportion of adolescents eat the
recommended amount of vegetables each day.1 Compounding this is the fact
that a majority of adults (81.6%) and adolescents (81.8%) do not get the
recommended amount of physical activity.2
As a result of these behaviors, the Nation has experienced a dramatic
increase in obesity. Today, approximately 1 in 3 adults (34.0%) and 1 in 6
children and adolescents (16.2%) are obese. Obesity-related conditions
include heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes, which are among the
leading causes of death. In addition to grave health consequences,
overweight and obesity significantly increase medical costs and pose a
staggering burden on the U.S. medical care delivery system.
Ensuring that all Americans eat a healthful diet, participate in regular
physical activity, and achieve and maintain a healthy body weight is
critical to improving the health of Americans at every age.
The Leading Health Indicators Are:
Adults meeting aerobic physical activity and muscle-strengthening
objectives (PA-2.4)
Obesity among adults (NWS-9)
Obesity among children and adolescents (NWS-10.4)
Mean daily intake of total vegetables (NWS-15.1)
Health Impact of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
The health impact of eating a healthful diet and being physically active
cannot be understated. Together, a healthful diet and regular physical
activity can help people:
Achieve and maintain a healthy weight
Reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke
Reduce the risk of certain forms of cancer
Strengthen muscles, bones, and joints
Improve mood and energy level
Chief among the benefits of a healthful diet and physical activity is a
reduction in the risk of obesity. Obesity is a major risk factor for
several of todays most serious health conditions and chronic diseases,
including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, heart disease
and stroke, and osteoarthritis. Obesity also has been linked to many forms
of cancer.
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References
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. State Indicator Report on
Fruits and Vegetables. Atlanta, GA: 2009. Available from
http://www.fruitsandveggiesmatter.gov/health_professionals/statereport.html
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Physical Activity
Guidelines for Americans. Washington, DC: 2008. Available from
http://www.health.gov/PAGuidelines
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Life Stages and Determinants
https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/leading-health-indicators/
2020-lhi-topics/Nutrition-Physical-Activity-and-Obesity/determinants
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A shorter URL for the above link:
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http://tinyurl.com/jazkh43
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Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Across the Life Stages
Good nutrition, regular physical activity, and achieving and maintaining a
healthy body weight are cornerstones of health at every stage of life:
Children
Children and adolescents who eat a healthful diet are more likely to reach
and maintain a healthy weight, achieve normal growth and development, and
have strong immune systems.
Children and adolescents who get regular physical activity have improved
muscle development, bone health, and heart health.
Children and adolescents who are overweight or obese are at increased risk
for developing diabetes and heart disease; they are also likely to stay
overweight or obese into adulthood, placing them at increased risk for
serious chronic diseases.
Adults
Adults who eat a healthful diet and stay physically active can decrease
their risk of a number of adult-onset health conditions and diseases,
including heart disease and diabetes.
Regular physical activity can lower an adults risk of depression.
Adults who maintain a healthy weight are less likely to die prematurely.
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Pregnant Women
Good nutrition helps pregnant women support the healthy development of
their infants.
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Regular physical activity throughout pregnancy can help women control
their weight, make labor more comfortable, and reduce their risk of
postpartum depression.
Staying at a healthy body weight can help women reduce their risk of
complications during pregnancy.
Determinants of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
A number of factors affect a persons ability to eat a healthful diet, stay
physically active, and achieve or maintain a healthy weight. The built
environment has a critical impact on behaviors that influence health. For
example, in many communities, there is nowhere to buy fresh fruit and
vegetables, and no safe or appealing place to play or be active. These
environmental factors are compounded by social and individual
factorsgender, age, race and ethnicity, education level, socioeconomic
status, and disability statusthat influence nutrition, physical activity,
and obesity. Addressing these factors is critically important to improving
the nutrition and activity levels of all Americans; only then will
progress be made against the Nations obesity epidemic and its cascading
impact on health.
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References
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Office on Womens Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Pregnancy: Staying Healthy and Safe. Washington, DC: 2010. Available from
http://womenshealth.gov/pregnancy/you-are-pregnant/staying-healthy-safe....
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Latest Data
Explore the latest data for the LHI topic Nutrition, Physical Activity,
and Obesity.
Download the latest Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity data in
spreadsheet format [XLSX - 49 KB]
Where Weve Been and Where Were Going
In 2008, Federal Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans were released,
and the Healthy People 2020 physical activity objectives developed in 2010
reflected these guidelines. From 2008 to 2014, the rate for adults aged 18
years and over who met the guidelines for aerobic physical activity and
muscle-strengthening activity increased by 17%, from 18.2% to 21.3% (age
adjusted), exceeding the Healthy People 2020 target of 20.1%.
Between 20032004 and 20132014, the obesity rate increased among adults
aged 20 years and over, from 32.2% in 20032004 to 37.7% in 20132014, age
adjusted. However, during the same time period, no statistically
significant change in obesity was seen among youth aged 219 years (17.1%
in 20032004 and 17.2% in 20132014).
Between 200508 and 200912, there was no statistically significant change
in the mean daily vegetable intake for persons aged 2 years and over (0.76
cup equivalents of total vegetables per 1,000 calories in 200508 and 0.77
in 200912, age adjusted). The Healthy People 2020 target is 1.16 cup
equivalents per 1,000 calories.
Leading Health Indicators
Explore the latest data and disparities for each indicator.
Physical Activity in Adults (PA-2.4)
Obesity in Adult (NWS-9)
Obesity in Children and Adolescents (NWS-10.4)
Total Vegetable Intake (NWS-15.1)
Physical Activity in Adults (PA-2.4)
Healthy People 2020 objective PA-2.4 is the Leading Health Indicator for
physical activity and tracks the proportion of adults who meet current
Federal physical activity guidelines for aerobic physical activity and for
muscle-strengthening activity.
HP2020 Baseline: In 2008, 18.2% of persons aged 18 years and over were
engaged in aerobic physical activity of at least moderate intensity for at
least 150 minutes/week or 75 minutes/week of vigorous intensity or an
equivalent combination and performed muscle-strengthening activities on 2
or more days of the week (age adjusted).
HP2020 Target: 20.1%, a 10% improvement over the baseline.
In 2014, American Indian or Alaska Native adults had the highest rate
among racial and ethnic groups, with 23.8% of adults aged 18 years and
over (age adjusted) who met current Federal physical activity guidelines
for aerobic physical activity and for muscle-strengthening activity. Rates
for the other racial/ethnic groups were:
20.0% among the Black non-Hispanic population
23.5% among the White non-Hispanic population
15.1% among the Hispanic population
21.0% among the adults who reported 2 or more races
17.5% among the Asian population
Males aged 18 years and over had a higher rate (25.2%, age adjusted) of
meeting the current Federal physical activity guidelines than females
(17.6%, age adjusted) in 2014.
In 2014, adults aged 25 years and over with advanced degrees had a higher
rate of meeting the current Federal physical activity guidelines (31.3%,
age adjusted) than their counterparts when data are assessed by
educational attainment. Those with less than a high school education and
high school graduates had rates of 6.9% and 12.9% (age adjusted),
respectively.
The rate of meeting the current Federal physical activity guidelines for
adults aged 25 years and over with advanced degrees was about 4.5 times
the rate for adults without a high school education.
Physical Activity by Education: Adults 25 Years and Over, 2014
Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Web Graphic
Data source: National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), CDC/NCHS.
Adults aged 18 years and over without activity limitations (22.6%, age
adjusted) had a higher rate of meeting the physical activity guidelines
than adults with activity limitations (13.7%, age adjusted) in 2014.
In 2014, adults aged 1824 years had the highest rate of meeting the
physical activity guidelines, 31.1%, among age groups. Rates for the other
age groups were:
25.1% among those aged 2544 years
19.3% among those aged 4554 years
16.1% among those aged 5564 years
14.4% among those aged 6574 years
9.0% among those aged 7584 years
5.1% among those aged 85 years and over
Adults aged 1864 years with private health insurance had the highest rate
(27.3%, age adjusted) among insurance groups in 2014. Those with public
insurance and the uninsured had rates of 14.0% and 15.5% (age adjusted),
respectively.
In 2014, adults aged 18 years and over in families with incomes 600% or
more of the poverty threshold had the highest rate of physical activity,
35.0% (age adjusted). Rates for individuals in other income groups were:
11.4% for those with incomes under the poverty threshold
13.3% for those with incomes 100% to 199% of the poverty threshold
19.5% for those with incomes 200% to 399% of the poverty threshold
24.6% for those with incomes 400% to 599% of the poverty threshold
In 2014, adults aged 18 years and over living in metropolitan areas
(22.2%, age adjusted) had a higher rate of meeting the physical activity
guidelines than those living in nonmetropolitan areas (15.8%, age
adjusted).
Adults aged 18 years and over born outside the U.S. had a lower rate of
meeting physical activity guidelines (15.3%, age adjusted) than adults
born in the U.S. (22.8%, age adjusted) in 2014.
Among adults aged 18 years and over, widowed persons had the lowest rate
of meeting physical activity guidelines (15.8%, age adjusted) among groups
by marital status in 2014. Rates for married, divorced, and never-married
persons were 20.8%, 20.1%, and 21.3% (age adjusted), respectively.
Endnotes:
All disparities described are statistically significant at the 0.05 level
of significance.
Data (except those by educational attainment, health insurance status, and
age group) are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population using the age
groups 1824, 2534, 3544, 4564, and 65 years and over. Data by educational
attainment are adjusted using the age groups 2534, 3544, 4564, and 65
years and over. Data by health insurance status are adjusted using the age
groups 1844, 4554, and 5564. Data by age group are not age adjusted.
Age-adjusted rates are weighted sums of age-specific rates.
Data for this measure are available annually and come from the National
Health Interview Survey, CDC/NCHS.
Obesity in Adults (NWS-9)
Healthy People 2020 objective NWS-9 tracks the proportion of adults who
are obese (BMI = 30).
HP2020 Baseline: In 200508, 33.9% of adults aged 20 years and over were
obese (age adjusted).
HP2020 Target: 30.5%, a 10% improvement over the baseline.
Most Recent: In 201314, 37.7% of adults aged 20 years and over were obese
(age adjusted).
Among racial and ethnic groups, the white non-Hispanic population had the
lowest rate of obesity, 36.4% among adults aged 20 years and over (age
adjusted) in 201314, whereas the black non-Hispanic and Hispanic
populations had rates of 48.4% and 42.6% (age adjusted), respectively. The
rate for the black non-Hispanic population was almost 1.5 times the rate
for the white non-Hispanic population.
Adult Obesity by Race/Ethnicity, 201314
Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Web Graphic
Data source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES),
CDC/NCHS.
Adults aged 20 years and over without activity limitations had a lower
rate of obesity than adults with activity limitations (35.4% versus 47.5%,
age adjusted, in 201314). The rate for adults with activity limitations
was almost 1.5 times the rate for persons without activity limitations.
Among education groups for adults aged 25 years and over, college
graduates or above had the lowest rate of obesity, 28.7% (age adjusted) in
201314, whereas adults with less than a high school education had a rate
of 42.4% (age adjusted), high school graduates had a rate of 44.0% (age
adjusted), and adults with some college education or an AA degree had a
rate of 45.6% (age adjusted). The rates for adults with less than a high
school education and high school graduates were about 1.5 times the best
group rate; the rate for adults with some college education or an AA
degree was more than 1.5 times the best group rate.
Adults aged 20 years and over born outside of the U.S. had a lower rate of
obesity than adults born in the U.S. (30.1% versus 39.3%, age adjusted, in
201314). The rate for adults born in the U.S. was almost 1.5 times the
rate for adults born outside of the U.S.
Among groups by health insurance status for adults aged 2064 years, those
with private health insurance had the lowest rate of obesity, 35.4% (age
adjusted) in 201314, whereas adults with public insurance had a rate of
46.5% (age adjusted) and those without insurance had a rate of 39.2% (age
adjusted). The rate for those with public health insurance was almost 1.5
times the rate for those with private insurance. The rate for those
without health insurance was not significantly different than the rate for
those with private insurance.
Adults aged 65 years and over had the lowest rate of obesity, 35.9% in
201314, among broad age groups. Rates for the other age groups were:
36.2% among adults aged 2044 years; not significantly different than the
best group rate
41.1% among adults aged 4564 years
When further refining the age groups, adults aged 80 years and over had
the lowest rate of obesity, 25.2% in 201314. Rates for the other age
groups were:
25.3% among adults aged 2024 years; not significantly different than the
best group rate
39.1% among adults aged 2544 years; about 1.5 times the best group rate
39.0% among adults aged 4554 years; about 1.5 times the best group rate
43.4% among adults aged 5564 years (highest rate); more than 1.5 times the
best group rate
40.2% among adults aged 6574 years; more than 1.5 times the best group
rate
35.2% among adults aged 7579 years; almost 1.5 times the best group rate
Endnotes:
Unless otherwise stated, all comparisons described are statistically
significant at the 0.05 level of significance.
Data for this measure are available biennially and come from the National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC, NCHS. Preferably 4
years of data are pooled for analysis when available, but 2-year data are
used as a placeholder to provide the latest data available.
Caution should be used when interpreting comparisons that do not reach the
level of statistical significance because they are based on only 2 years
of data and sample sizes may be relatively small and result in rates with
relatively large variability for some subgroups.
The terms Hispanic or Latino and Hispanic are used interchangeably in this
report.
200508 data (except those by educational attainment, health insurance
status, and age group) are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population
using the age groups 2029, 3039, 4049, 5059, 6069, 7079, and 80 years and
over. Data by educational attainment are adjusted using the age groups
2529, 3039, 4049, 5059, 6069, 7079, and 80 years and over. Data by health
insurance status are adjusted using the age groups 2029, 3039, 4049, 5059,
and 6064 years. Data by age group are not age adjusted. 201314 data
(except those by educational attainment, health insurance status, and age
group) are age adjusted to the 2000 standard population using the age
groups 2039, 4059, and 60 years and over. Data by educational attainment
are adjusted using the age groups 2539, 4059, and 60 years and over. Data
by health insurance status are adjusted using the age groups 2039, 4059,
and 6064 years. Data by age group are not age adjusted. Age-adjusted rates
are weighted sums of age-specific rates.
Obesity in Children and Adolescents (NWS-10.4)
Healthy People 2020 objective NWS-10.4 tracks the proportion of children
and adolescents who are considered obese (BMI at or above the gender- and
age-specific 95th percentile from the CDC Growth Charts; United States).
HP2020 Baseline: In 200508, 16.1% of children and adolescents aged 219
years were considered obese.
HP2020 Target: 14.5%, a 10% improvement over the baseline.
Most Recent: In 201314, 17.1% of children and adolescents aged 219 years
were considered obese.
Among racial and ethnic groups, the white non-Hispanic population had the
lowest rate of obesity, 15.3% of youth aged 219 years in 201314, whereas
the Hispanic and black non-Hispanic populations had rates of 21.3% and
18.8%, respectively. The rate for the Hispanic population was almost 1.5
times the rate for the white non-Hispanic population. The rate for the
black non-Hispanic population was not significantly different than the
rate for the white non-Hispanic population.
Youth aged 219 years with private health insurance had the lowest rate of
obesity, 13.8% among health insurance status groups. Those with public
insurance and the uninsured had rates of 21.1% and 19.5%, respectively.
The rate for youth with public insurance was about 1.5 times the best
group rate. The rate for youth without health insurance was not
significantly different than the best group rate.
Youth aged 219 years living in families with incomes 400% to 499% of the
poverty threshold had the lowest rate of obesity among family income
groups, 12.1% in 201314. Rates for individuals in other family income
groups were:
18.5% for those with incomes under the poverty threshold; not
significantly different than the best group rate
21.3% for those with incomes 100% to 199% of the poverty threshold; nearly
twice the best group rate
16.6% for those with incomes 200% to 399% of the poverty threshold; not
significantly different than the best group rate
Endnotes:
Unless otherwise stated, all comparisons described are statistically
significant at the 0.05 level of significance.
Data for this measure are available biennially and come from the National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC, NCHS. Preferably 4
years of data are pooled for analysis when available, but 2-year data are
used as a placeholder to provide the latest data available.
Caution should be used when interpreting comparisons that do not reach the
level of statistical significance because they are based on only 2 years
of data and sample sizes may be relatively small and result in rates with
relatively large variability for some subgroups.
The terms Hispanic or Latino and Hispanic are used interchangeably in this
report.
Back to Top
Total Vegetable Intake (NWS-15.1)
Healthy People 2020 objective NWS-15.1 tracks the contribution of total
vegetables to the diets of the population aged 2 years and over.
HP2020 Baseline: In 200508, 0.76 cup equivalents of total vegetables per
1,000 calories was the mean daily intake by persons aged 2 years and over
(age adjusted).
HP2020 Target: 1.16 cup equivalents per 1,000 calories (age adjusted), or
the 90th percentile of usual vegetable intake at baseline.
Most Recent: In 200912, 0.77 cup equivalents of total vegetables per 1,000
calories was the mean daily intake by persons aged 2 years and over (age
adjusted).
Among racial and ethnic groups, the Hispanic and the white non-Hispanic
populations had the highest mean daily vegetable intakes, 0.79 and 0.77
cup eq. per 1,000 kcal (age adjusted), respectively, whereas the black
non-Hispanic population had a mean daily vegetable intake of 0.66 cup eq.
per 1,000 kcal (age adjusted) in 200912.
Females had a higher mean daily vegetable intake than males (0.83 versus
0.71 cup eq. per 1,000 kcal, age adjusted in 200912).
Adults aged 20 years and over without activity limitations had a higher
mean daily vegetable intake than adults with activity limitations (0.88
versus 0.77 cup eq. per 1,000 kcal, age adjusted, in 200912).
Persons aged 51 years and over had the highest mean daily vegetable
intake, 0.98 cup eq. per 1,000 kcal (not age adjusted) in 200912, among
broad age groups. Rates for the other age groups were:
0.78 cup eq. per 1,000 kcal among persons aged 1950 years
0.52 cup eq. per 1,000 kcal among persons aged 218 years
Mean Daily Intake of Total Vegetables by Age, 200912
Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity Web Graphic
Data source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES),
CDC/NCHS.
Among education groups for adults aged 25 years and over, college
graduates or above had the highest mean daily vegetable intake, 1.00 cup
eq. per 1,000 kcal (age adjusted), whereas adults with less than a high
school education, high school education, and some college education or an
AA degree had intakes of 0.81, 0.79, and 0.84 cup eq. per 1,000 kcal (age
adjusted), respectively.
Persons from families in income groups at 200% or more of the federal
poverty threshold and over had a higher mean daily vegetable intake than
persons from families in lower income groups (0.760.83 versus 0.720.73 cup
eq. per 1,000 kcal, age adjusted) in 200912.
Persons born outside of the U.S. had a higher mean daily vegetable intake
than persons born in the U.S. (0.89 versus 0.75 cup eq. per 1,000 kcal,
age adjusted) in 200912.
Endnotes:
Unless otherwise stated, all comparisons described are statistically
significant at the 0.05 level of significance.
Data for this measure are available biennially and come from the National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), CDC, NCHS. Preferably 4
years of data are pooled for analysis when available. Cup equivalents were
calculated using the USDA Food Patterns Equivalents Database (FPED).
The terms Hispanic or Latino and Hispanic are used interchangeably in this
report.
Data (except those by educational attainment, disability status, health
insurance coverage, and age group) are age adjusted using the age groups
25, 611, 1219, 2029, 3039, 4049, 5059, 6069, 7079, and 80 years and over.
Data by educational attainment are adjusted using the age groups 2529,
3039, 4049, 5059, 6069, 7079, and 80 years and over. Data by disability
status are adjusted using the age groups 2029, 3039, 4049, 5059, 6069,
7079, and 80 years and over. Data by health insurance coverage are
adjusted using the age groups 23, 48, 913, 1418, 1930, 3150, and 5164.
Data by age group are not age adjusted. Age-adjusted rates are weighted
sums of age-specific rates.
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Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
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