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MEDICAL: CONDITIONS: OBESITY :
MEDICAL: METABOLISM :
ADOLESENTS :
PUBERTY:
Spike in Teen Obesity Explained by Decreased Calorie Burn in Puberty
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Spike in Teen Obesity Explained by Decreased Calorie Burn in Puberty
Written by Hannah Nichols
Published: Saturday 10 September 2016
Medical News Today (MNT)
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/312814.php
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According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, around 20
percent of adolescents age 12-19 years are obese in the United States.
Obese teenagers are more likely to have prediabetes, a condition in which
blood glucose levels indicate a high risk for the development of diabetes.
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Adolescents who are obese are also at a greater risk for bone and joint
problems, sleep apnea, social and psychological problems, and they are
more likely to have risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as high
cholesterol or high blood pressure.
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The 12-year study - published in The International Journal of Obesity -
discovered that when boys and girls hit puberty, there is a rapid drop in
the number of calories they burn while at rest.
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This finding contradicts expectations that calorie burn would rise with
the growth spurt teenagers experience during puberty, and it may explain
why youngsters become obese during this life stage.
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Prof. Terry Wilkin, of Endocrinology and Metabolism at University of
Exeter Medical School, and colleagues found that adolescents age 15 years
burned 400-500 fewer calories - a decrease of around a quarter - while at
rest per day than when they were 10 years old. However, calorie
expenditure increased again by age 16.
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Another key finding from the study was that teenagers exercise less
throughout puberty, which also adds to excess calories that can contribute
toward obesity. The reduction in physical activity is particularly
significant in girls, decreasing by about one third from ages 7-16 years.
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From age 10, calories burned per day declines
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"Child obesity and associated diabetes are both among the greatest health
challenges of our time," says Wilkin. "Our findings can explain why
teenagers gain excess weight in puberty, and it could help target
strategies accordingly."
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Calories are expended either through physical activity or through
processes that keep the person alive, such as thinking, keeping blood
warm, and keeping the heart, liver, and kidneys working - processes that
expend around 1,600 calories per day during adolescence.
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The number of calories burned could be expected to increase with body
size. However, in contrast, the team noted a decline in calories burned
during puberty - from age 10 upward - which the researchers say is
surprising given that puberty is a period of rapid growth and consequently
would, in theory, use more calories.
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They analyzed data from almost 350 U.K. school children involved in the
EarlyBird Diabetes study - a 12-year project between 2000-2012 to
determine which factors in childhood lead to diabetes in later life.
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The complete article may be read at the URL above.
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Temple University
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