Turning back to the initial question:
> Would it be correct to say that the behavioral performance modulates neural activity, with improvements in performance across time reflecting decreases in neural activity in these certain regions?
In fact no. The contrast shows activations that decrease linearly with increasing parametric modulator value = behavioral performance. But the performance could be something like 60, 80, 65, 85, 70 %. So while there might be a linear increase in behavioral performance over time the neural correlates of the PM might mainly be driven by the larger fluctuations in performance and not by the improvements due to learning.
Best
Helmut
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