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MECCSA  March 2016

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Subject:

CFP- Visualizing Consumer Culture, Commodifying Visual Culture, 21-22 October 2016, Paris-Sorbonne & Sorbonne Nouvelle

From:

Clementine Tholas <[log in to unmask]>

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[log in to unmask]

Date:

Tue, 8 Mar 2016 17:38:19 +0100

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APPEL A COMMUNICATIONS / CALL FOR PAPERS
(csti-HDEA, EA 4086 & CREW, EA 4399)
 
Visualizing Consumer Culture, Commodifying Visual Culture in the English-speaking World
 
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
 
 
 
Lieu / location: Université Paris-Sorbonne (Maison de la Recherche, rue Serpente) et Université Sorbonne-Nouvelle (Maison de la Recherche, rue des Irlandais)
Dates :  21-22 October 2016
 
 
Comité scientifique / Scientific committee : Claire Dutriaux (Paris-Sorbonne), Clémentine Tholas-Disset (Sorbonne-Nouvelle), Laurent Châtel (Paris-Sorbonne), Catherine Purcell (Paris-Sorbonne), Divina Frau-Meigs (Sorbonne-Nouvelle), Donna Kesselman (UPEC), Jean Kempf (Lyon II), Jennifer Gauthier (Randolph College).
 
 
Organisé par / organized by :
csti-HDEA, EA 4086 -  Histoire et Dynamique des Espaces Anglophones (Paris-Sorbonne)
CREW, EA 4399 - the Centre for Research on the English-speaking World (Sorbonne-Nouvelle)
 
 
Les propositions (250 mots) avant le 1er juin 2016 sont à envoyer à / Please send a 250-word proposal before June 1st, 2016  to : [log in to unmask]
 
 
(Les communications se feront de préférence en anglais /presentations will preferably be in English)
 
 
Visualizing Consumer Culture, Commodifying Visual Culture in the English-Speaking World
 
The manufacturing of identities in contemporary society can no longer be explained by focusing solely on the production and consumption of commodities or the prism of market exchanges. Ever since Baudrillard’s reframing of culture theory several decades ago, consumption has acquired a symbolic dimension and has turned into commodity fetishism. Now, more than ever before, this represents a modern, unifying and critical myth: “Consumption is a myth. That is to say, it is a statement of contemporary society about itself, the way our society speaks about itselfˮ (Baudrillard, 1970). Consumption potentially catalyzes social integration by providing a space onto which society may project itself, letting members think that they can get everything they desire for their well-being. This is particularly relevant in a political climate where cultural diversity changes consumer cultures through the influx of migration, and a global community of consumers creates potential buyers (for example the growing middle class in China and Russia). Hence, consumer culture perpetuates an illusion of equality with commodities, which could allow us  access to a superior stage where we can achieve all our desires, no matter our cultural heritage, if we so wish.
This founding myth of consumerism, in which consuming has increasingly defined the human condition since the end of the 19th century, has relied extensively on the tools of visual culture – art, photography, fashion, architecture, advertising, motion pictures, television, the internet and the digital world. Ever since the Great Exhibition in London in 1851, exhibited commodities have pointed to further aesthetic, political, commercial, or class meanings, signaling the beginnings of “the era of the spectacle.” (Richards, 3). Using its own repetitive codes in which the signifier prevails upon the signified, the visual display of commodities encourages contemporary societies to replicate social models that can be readily consumed and traded. According to Guy Debord, spectacle is the flip side of market exchanges (Debord, 1967). In other words, images seduce the consumer by turning commodities into mass desires: for instance, when stars are involved in product placement operations in block-busters, when advertising is based on celebrity-marketing, or when great works of art find their way into the design of industrial goods, thus linking high and low cultures.
As most commodities are now displayed all over the internet, via social media distribution systems and converging media such as Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, or television and motion pictures, we may wonder about the relationship between consumer society and visual culture, primarily in the English-speaking world. Participants may wish to address the following issues:
How have the imagery and imaginary of our consumption practices evolved over time? What kinds of displays and representational systems prevail in our consumer society? How does this society reflect on itself through visual culture? What are the national and transnational stakes of such mises-en-scène in the English-speaking world? How did the transformation of mass media beget new codes, power relations and consuming habits? How do industries and companies appropriate the tools of visual culture to promote and display their products?

 
Consommation et culture visuelle dans le monde anglophone

Au cœur de la construction identitaire des sociétés contemporaines, la consommation ne peut plus être seulement définie comme une activité fondée sur l’échange mercantile ou la multiplication des objets. Elle ne peut plus se résumer à la capacité humaine à produire et posséder. Depuis Baudrillard, elle revêt une dimension symbolique, faisant ainsi des objets de puissants fétiches. Elle s’articule comme un mythe moderne à la fois fédérateur et critique: « C’est une parole de la société contemporaine sur elle-même, c’est la façon dont notre société se parle » (Baudrillard, 1970). La consommation détiendrait une puissance d’intégration sociale car elle apparaîtrait comme un espace de projection, donnant à croire que tout le monde peut aspirer à l’abondance et au bien-être. Cette puissance d’intégration est particulièrement prégnante dans un monde où les flux migratoires et la diversité culturelle transforment la culture de consommation, et où la mondialisation crée sans cesse de nouveaux acheteurs (notamment en Chine et en Russie avec l’émergence de la classe moyenne). La consommation perpétue une illusion d’égalité face aux objets, lesquels nous permettraient d’accéder à un statut supérieur et par là-même de nous réaliser.
Ce récit fondateur de la société du XXe et XXIe siècle s’est largement appuyé sur les outils de la culture visuelle, qu’il s’agisse de l’art, de la photographie, de la mode, de l’architecture, de la publicité, du cinéma, de la télévision, d’internet ou du numérique. Dès la première Exposition Universelle à Londres en 1851, les objets exposés étaient la trace de messages esthétiques, politiques, économiques moins directement visibles. Fortes de leurs propres codes, alors que le signifiant prévaut souvent sur le signifié, répliquées à l’envi et à l’infini, les mises en scènes visuelles des objets pousseraient les sociétés contemporaines à reproduire des modèles sociaux consommables et interchangeables. Selon Guy Debord, le spectacle est le pendant de l’organisation de la marchandise (Debord, 1967). Les images séduisent le consommateur en rendant les produits désirables : par exemple lorsque les stars participent à des opérations de placement de produits dans des films à gros budget, à des campagnes publicitaires basées sur le celebrity-marketing ou lorsque de grandes œuvres d’art sont utilisées par les industriels lors de la conception d’objets, faisant ainsi se rejoindre arts nobles et culture populaire.
A l’heure où la majorité des produits de consommation s’affichent sur internet, par le biais de sites comme Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, à la télévision et au cinéma, ces considérations liminaires nous amènent à nous interroger plus avant sur les liens entre la consommation et la culturelle visuelle, prioritairement dans l’aire anglophone, en nous posant les questions suivantes :
Comment ont évolué les images et l’imaginaire de nos modes de consommation ? Quelles sont les mises en scène et les réseaux de représentation inhérents à la société de consommation ? Comment s’exprime sa dimension autoréflexive dans la culture visuelle ? Quels sont les enjeux nationaux et transnationaux de ces représentations dans l’aire anglophone ? Quels nouveaux codes, rapports de pouvoir et formes de consommation découlent de la transformation des médias de masse ? Comment les industries et les entreprises s’approprient-elles les outils de la culture visuelle pour promouvoir et mettre en scène leurs produits ?
 
Bibliographie / References:
Jean Baudrillard, Le Système des objets, Paris : Gallimard, 1968.
Jean Baudrillard, La Société de consommation : ses mythes et ses structures, Paris : Denoël, 1970.
Daniel J. Boorstin, The Image: A Guide to Pseudo Events in America, New York: Vintage Books, 1992 (1962).
Guy Debord, La Société du Spectacle, Paris : Gallimard, 1995 (1967).
Mark Gottdiener New Forms of Consumption: Consumers, Culture, and Commodification, Latham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2000
Daniel Miller, Material Culture and Mass Consumption, Oxford: Blackwell, 1987.
W.J.T. Mitchell, Iconology: Image, Text and Ideology, Chicago: University of Chicago Press: 1986
W.J.T. Mitchell, What do Pictures want? The Lives and Loves of Images, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004.
Jacques Rancière, Le Destin des images, Paris : La Fabrique, 2003.
Thomas Richards, The Commodity Culture of Victorian England: Advertising and Spectacle, 1851-1914, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990.

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