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MEDICAL: CONDITIONS: OBESITY :
MEDICAL: GENETICS:
Gene Linked to Obesity Hasnt Always Been a Problem, Study Finds
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Gene Linked to Obesity Hasnt Always Been a Problem, Study Finds
December 31, 2014
Carl Zimmer
New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/01/science/
gene-linked-to-obesity-hasnt-always-been-a-problem-study-finds.html
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A shorter URL for the above link:
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http://tinyurl.com/la3g956
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Among scientists who study how our DNA affects our weight, a gene called
FTO stands out. Its the poster child for the genetics of obesity, said
Struan F. Grant, an associate professor of pediatrics at the University of
Pennsylvania School of Medicine.
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In 2007, researchers discovered that people with a common variant of FTO
tend to be heavier than those without it. Since then, studies have
repeatedly confirmed the link. On average, one copy of the risky variant
adds up to 3.5 extra pounds of weight. Two copies of the gene bring 7
extra pounds and increase a persons risk of becoming obese by 50 percent.
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But the gene doesnt seem to have always been a problem. If scientists had
studied FTO just a few decades ago, they would have found no link to
weight whatsoever. A new study shows that FTO became a risk only in people
born after World War II.
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The research, published this week in the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences, raises questions that extend far beyond obesity.
Genes clearly influence our health in many ways, but so does our
environment; often, it is the interplay between them that makes the
difference in whether we develop obesity or cancer or another ailment.
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But the relative importance of certain genes may shift over the years, the
new study suggests, as our environment changes.
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James Niels Rosenquist of Massachusetts General Hospital and his
colleagues were inspired to conduct the study by recent research
documenting how peoples experiences alter the effects of their genes. A
variant of a gene called AKT1, for example, can raise the risk of
psychosis but only if the carrier smokes a lot of marijuana. If e avoids
smoking, the AKT1 variant doesnt cause a problem.
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To document genetic links to disease, scientists have compared people only
at a single moment in history, Dr. Rosenquist noted. They werent thinking
in the dimension of time, because they didnt have the data for it, he
said.
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The complete article may be read at the URL above.
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
http://www.pnas.org/
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