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SPORTS MEDICINE :
MEDICAL: CONDITIONS: OBESITY :
BODY WEIGHT:
BMI May not be the Last Word on Health Risks, Some Experts Say
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BMI May not be the Last Word on Health Risks, Some Experts Say
By Lily Dayton
December 19, 2014
Los Angeles Times
http://www.latimes.com/health/la-he-bmi-20141220-story.html
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The index was the brainchild of Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quetelet
(1796-1874), a Belgian mathematician and statistician who wasn't
interested in obesity he was interested in characteristics of the
"average man." When trying to devise a formula that comprised the
distribution of human body sizes, he found that weight tended to increase
with height squared. Quetelet's index provided a measurement of body shape
that was independent of height across a population.
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"Repeated studies have shown that, almost invariably, BMI provides the
best measure of shape as a predictor of adiposity in a population,"
explains Heymsfield. "If you take the entire U.S. population and plot
percent body fat against BMI, you'll find a close correlation between the
two."
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Because of this correlation, the measurement was transformed from an index
for epidemiological studies to a measurement to assess individuals. The
problem with this, says Heymsfield, is that there is a wide range of
actual percent body fat for any particular BMI score. In one study looking
at data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,
Heymsfield found that men with a BMI of 27 had body fat that ranged from
15% to 30%, which reflects a large difference in actual fatness. Because
BMI is based solely on relative weight, it doesn't take into account bone
structure or muscle mass.
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A person who is overweight or obese will have a high BMI, but a person
with a high BMI is not necessarily overly fat.
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Apples and pears
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Obesity is linked to a host of medical problems, including heart and liver
disease, diabetes, and uterine and colon cancer. In an effort to identify
people at risk of mortality from obesity-related disease, the National
Institutes of Health established recommended weight guidelines based on
BMI. But the drawback is that individuals with a different body type,
gender, age, race, nutritional status, fitness level and mortality risk
are all lumped together in the same category.
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A person's body fat tends to increase with age, while muscle mass
decreases a change that may not be reflected in a corresponding change in
BMI. Women tend to have more body fat than men with the same BMI score.
And body composition of lean muscle mass, fat tissue and bone structure
varies across racial and ethnic groups. In addition, two people with the
same BMI (and even the identical percent body fat) can have very different
patterns of fat distribution "apples" versus "pears." Pear-shaped people
tend to carry excess fat in their hips, where it is relatively inert,
whereas apple-shaped people tend to carry excess fat in their abdominal
region, where it is metabolically active and places them at higher risk
for obesity-related diseases.
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The complete article may be read at the URL above.
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More Information
http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=%28bmi+OR+%22body+mass+
index%22%29+AND+%22body+weight%22+AND+%28health+OR+risk+OR+risks+
OR+%22heart+attack%22+OR+%22heart+attacks%22+OR+cardiovascular+OR+
diabetes+OR+illness+OR+illnesses%29&btnG=&as_sdt=1%2C39&as_sdtp=
OR
http://tinyurl.com/qa5qkql
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Content Sample:
Ogden, C. L.
(2004).
Mean body weight, height, and body mass index:
United States 1960-2002
(pp. 1-17).
Department of Health and Human Services,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
National Center for Health Statistics.
.
Relationship of Physical Activity and Television Watching With Body Weight
and Level of Fatness Among Children Results From the Third National Health
and Nutrition Examination Survey
Author: Andersen, Ross E.
Journal: JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association
ISSN: 0098-7484 Date: 03/1998
Volume: 279 Issue: 12 Page: 938
DOI: 10.1001/jama.279.12.938
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Troiano, R. P., Frongillo Jr, E. A., Sobal, J., & Levitsky, D. A.
(1996).
The relationship between body weight and mortality: a quantitative
analysis of combined information from existing studies.
International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders:
Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity,
20(1), 63-75.
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Effects of Age on Validity of Self-Reported Height, Weight,
and Body Mass Index
Author: KUCZMARSKI, MARIE FANELLI
Journal: Journal of the American Dietetic Association
ISSN: 0002-8223 Date: 01/2001
Volume: 101 Issue: 1 Page: 28 - 34
DOI: 10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00008-6
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Body weight and weight change and their health implications for the
elderly
Author: Seidell, J C
Journal: European journal of clinical nutrition
ISSN: 0954-3007 Date: 06/2000
Volume: 54 Suppl 3 Page: S33 - 9
PMID: 11041073
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Six new loci associated with body mass index highlight a neuronal
influence on body weight regulation
Author: Willer, Cristen J
Journal: Nature genetics
ISSN: 1061-4036 Date: 01/2009
Volume: 41 Issue: 1 Page: 25 - 34
DOI: 10.1038/ng.287
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WHO, E. C.
(2004).
Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its
implications for policy and intervention strategies.
Lancet,
363(9403), 157.
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Prospective Study of Body Mass Index, Weight Change, and Risk of
Adult-onset Asthma in Women
Author: Camargo, Carlos A.
Journal: Archives of internal medicine (1960)
ISSN: 0003-9926 Date: 11/1999
Volume: 159 Issue: 21 Page: 2582
DOI: 10.1001/archinte.159.21.2582
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A Randomized Trial Comparing a Very Low Carbohydrate Diet and a
Calorie-Restricted Low Fat Diet on Body Weight and Cardiovascular Risk
Factors in Healthy Women
Author: Brehm, Bonnie J.
Journal: The journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism
ISSN: 0021-972X Date: 04/2003
Volume: 88 Issue: 4 Page: 1617 - 1623
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2002-021480
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Height, body weight, and risk of prostate cancer
Author: Giovannucci, E
Journal: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention
ISSN: 1055-9965 Date: 08/1997
Volume: 6 Issue: 8 Page: 557 - 563
PMID: 9264267
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