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DRUG ALCOHOL AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE: ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM :
DEATHS :
STATISTICS:
1 in 10 Deaths Among Adults Tied to Alcohol: CDC
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1 in 10 Deaths Among Adults Tied to Alcohol: CDC
By Kathleen Doheny
THURSDAY, June 26, 2014
Health Day News
Web MD
http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/news/
20140626/1-in-10-deaths-among-adults-tied-to-alcohol-cdc
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A shorter URL for the above link:
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http://tinyurl.com/muuevf4
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One in 10 deaths among U.S. adults is linked to excessive alcohol
consumption, federal officials reported Thursday.
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While people often link drinking with deaths from motor vehicle accidents
and chronic liver disease, many other conditions that can cause death are
tied to alcohol, said lead researcher Mandy Stahre.
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"Excessive drinking is associated with a lot more causes of death than
what we tend to focus on. Alcohol intake plays a role in at least 54
different conditions linked to death," said Stahre, an epidemiologist at
the Washington state Department of Health who conducted the study while at
the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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Among them: acute pancreatitis, psychosis, esophageal cancer, breast
cancer, oral cancer, falling injuries, suicide and drowning.
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"Binge drinking is associated with 51 percent of all deaths due to
excessive drinking," Stahre said. Binge drinking, for instance, "does not
mix well with swimming or boating," she said.
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For women, binge drinking is typically defined as four or more drinks in a
sitting, Stahre said, while for men it's five or more.
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The finding is published in the June issue of the journal Preventing
Chronic Disease. While the study found an association between alcohol use
and the deaths of many U.S. adults, it wasn't designed to prove that
alcohol directly caused those deaths.
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The complete article may be read at the URL above.
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Contribution of Excessive Alcohol Consumption to Deaths and Years of
Potential Life Lost in the United States
Mandy Stahre, PhD, MPH; Jim Roeber, MSPH; Dafna Kanny, PhD; Robert D.
Brewer, MD, MSPH; Xingyou Zhang, PhD
Suggested citation for this article:
Stahre M, Roeber J, Kanny D, Brewer RD, Zhang X.
Contribution of Excessive Alcohol Consumption to Deaths and
Years of Potential Life Lost in the United States.
Prev Chronic Dis
2014;11:130293.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd11.130293External
http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2014/13_0293.htm
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PEER REVIEWED
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Abstract
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Introduction
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Excessive alcohol consumption is a leading cause of premature mortality in
the United States. The objectives of this study were to update national
estimates of alcohol-attributable deaths (AAD) and years of potential life
lost (YPLL) in the United States, calculate age-adjusted rates of AAD and
YPLL in states, assess the contribution of AAD and YPLL to total deaths
and YPLL among working-age adults, and estimate the number of deaths and
YPLL among those younger than 21 years.
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Methods
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We used the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions Alcohol-Related
Disease Impact application for 20062010 to estimate total AAD and YPLL
across 54 conditions for the United States, by sex and age. AAD and YPLL
rates and the proportion of total deaths that were attributable to
excessive alcohol consumption among working-age adults (20-64 y) were
calculated for the United States and for individual states.
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Results
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From 2006 through 2010, an annual average of 87,798 (27.9/100,000
population) AAD and 2.5 million (831.6/100,000) YPLL occurred in the
United States. Age-adjusted state AAD rates ranged from 51.2/100,000 in
New Mexico to 19.1/100,000 in New Jersey. Among working-age adults, 9.8%
of all deaths in the United States during this period were attributable to
excessive drinking, and 69% of all AAD involved working-age adults.
Conclusions
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Excessive drinking accounted for 1 in 10 deaths among working-age adults
in the United States. AAD rates vary across states, but excessive drinking
remains a leading cause of premature mortality nationwide. Strategies
recommended by the Community Preventive Services Task Force can help
reduce excessive drinking and harms related to it.
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Introduction
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Excessive alcohol use is the fourth leading preventable cause of death in
the United States (1) and costs $223.5 billion, or about $1.90 per drink,
in 2006 (2). Excessive alcohol consumption includes binge drinking (ie, ?5
drinks on an occasion for men; ?4 drinks on an occasion for women), heavy
weekly alcohol consumption (ie, ?15 drinks/week for men; ?8 drinks/week
for women), and any drinking by pregnant women or those younger than 21
years (2). Binge drinking, the most common form of excessive alcohol
consumption, usually results in acute intoxication and is responsible for
over half of deaths and three-quarters of the economic costs of excessive
drinking. Excessive drinking is also responsible for many other health and
social problems (3,4).
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In 2004, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released an
online version of the Alcohol-Related Disease Impact (ARDI) application to
allow state public health agencies and other users to assess deaths and
years of potential life lost (YPLL) attributable to excessive drinking. By
using ARDI, CDC estimated approximately 75,000 deaths and 2.3 million YPLL
were due to excessive drinking in the United States in 2001 (5). However,
since that time, no comprehensive analysis has been conducted of US deaths
and YPLL from excessive alcohol consumption. Furthermore, the ARDI
application does not provide rates for death and YPLL from excessive
drinking. The assessment of these rates is important because the total
number of alcohol-attributable deaths (AAD) and YPLL are known to vary
substantially across states (6), as does the prevalence and intensity of
binge drinking (3). Finally, the contribution of excessive drinking to
deaths among working-age adults (2064 y) and those younger than 21 years
is not well understood, even though excessive drinking is known to be a
major cause of premature mortality, resulting in an average of 30 years of
life lost per AAD (5).
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The objectives of this study were to update previous national estimates of
AAD and YPLL in the United States, calculate age-adjusted rates of AAD and
YPLL in states, assess the contribution of AAD and YPLL to total deaths
and YPLL among working-age adults, and estimate the number of deaths and
YPLL that specifically involved those younger than 21 years.
.
snip
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Discussion
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From 2006 through 2010, excessive alcohol consumption accounted for nearly
1 in 10 deaths and over 1 in 10 years of potential life lost among
working-age adults in the United States. Furthermore, an average of 2 out
of 3 AAD and 8 out of 10 alcohol-attributable YPLL involved working-age
adults. Although AAD rates varied by state, the national annual average
AAD rate of 27.9 deaths per 100,000 population was higher than the average
annual death rate for 10 of the 15 leading causes of deaths from 2006
through 2010 (12). The majority of the average annual AAD involved males
(71%); over half of AAD and two-thirds of YPLL resulted from acute causes
of death, all of which were by definition attributable to binge drinking.
About 5% of all average annual AAD and 10% of average annual YPLL involved
those under age 21 years, most of which were due to acute conditions.
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The average annual estimates of AAD and YPLL for the United States from
2006 through 2010 are similar to the 2001 estimates (5) and emphasize the
substantial and ongoing public health impact of excessive drinking in the
United States. The differences in age-adjusted AAD and YPLL rates in
states probably reflect differences in the prevalence of excessive
drinking, particularly binge drinking, which is affected by state and
local laws governing the price, availability, and marketing of alcoholic
beverages (13). The differences in AAD and YPLL rates in states probably
also reflect other factors, including access to medical care and vehicle
miles traveled, which could affect the risk of death from alcohol-related
conditions (13,14). The higher rates of AAD and YPLL among men than women
probably also reflects the higher prevalence, frequency, and intensity of
binge drinking, the most common pattern of excessive alcohol consumption,
among men (15).
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The substantial contribution of excessive alcohol consumption to total
deaths and premature mortality among working-age adults (2064 y) in the
United States, as well as the large proportion of these deaths (69%) and
YPLL (82%) that involved working-age adults, is consistent with studies
assessing the contribution of harmful alcohol consumption to the global
burden of disease (16) and also reflects the substantial effect that
excessive alcohol consumption has across the lifespan. The concentration
of AAD and YPLL among working-age adults is also a major factor
contributing to alcohol-attributable productivity losses from premature
mortality, which, together with reduced earnings by excessive drinkers,
was responsible for 72% of the estimated $223.5 billion in economic costs
from excessive alcohol consumption in 2006 (2).
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The findings in this report are subject to several limitations. First,
data on alcohol consumption used to calculate indirect estimates of AAF
are based on self-reports and may underestimate the true prevalence of
excessive alcohol consumption because of underreporting by survey
respondents and sampling noncoverage (17). A recent study that used BRFSS
data found that self-reports identify only 22% to 32% of presumed alcohol
consumption in states on the basis of alcohol sales (18). Second, risk
estimates used in ARDI were calculated by using average daily alcohol
consumption levels that begin at levels greater than those typically used
to define excessive drinking in the United States. Third, deaths among
former drinkers, who might have discontinued their drinking because of
alcohol-related health problems, are not included in the calculation of
AAF, even though some of these deaths might have been
alcohol-attributable. Fourth, ARDI does not include estimates of AAD for
several causes (eg, tuberculosis, pneumonia, hepatitis C) for which
alcohol is believed to be an important risk factor, but for which suitable
pooled risk estimates were not available. Fifth, ARDI exclusively uses the
underlying cause of death from vital statistics data to identify
alcohol-related causes and does not consider contributing causes of death
that might be alcohol-related. Finally, age-specific estimates of AAF were
only available for motor-vehicle traffic deaths, even though alcohol
involvement varies by age, particularly for acute causes of death. While
our results do show the substantial burden of alcohol-related
consequences, many of the limitations cited could result in a substantial
underestimate of the true contribution of excessive alcohol consumption to
total deaths and YPLL in the United States.
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This analysis illustrates the magnitude and variability of the health
consequences of excessive alcohol consumption in the United States, and
the substantial contribution of excessive drinking to premature mortality
among working-age adults. More widespread implementation of interventions
recommended by the Community Preventive Services Task Force (19),
including increasing alcohol prices by raising alcohol taxes, enforcing
commercial host (dram shop) liability, and regulating alcohol outlet
density, could reduce excessive alcohol consumption and the health and
economic costs related to it.
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snip
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The complete article may be read at the URL above.
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Temple University
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