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SPORTS MEDICINE :
SPORTS INJURIES :
MEDICAL: CONDITIONS:
CONCUSSIONS :
ALTITUDE:
NFL Concussion Rates Are Lower at Higher Altitudes, Study Finds
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NFL Concussion Rates Are Lower at Higher Altitudes, Study Finds
By Alan Zarembo,
This post has been corrected. See the note below for details.
February 5, 2014, 9:30 a.m.
Los Angeles Times
http://touch.latimes.com/#section/-1/article/p2p-79168631/
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Heres one solution to the National Football Leagues concussion problem:
Stop playing at sea level.
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Researchers have found that concussion rates are about 30% lower in games
played at higher altitudes.
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snip
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Researchers used 644 feet as the dividing line between high- and
low-altitude stadiums based on a 2013 study of high school football
players. That study, which looked at more than 6,000 concussions, found
nearly the same correlation between altitude and head injuries.
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At 5,192 feet above sea level, only Denvers stadium Sports Authority
Field at Mile High is normally considered a high-altitude destination.
But even at far lower elevations, atmospheric levels of oxygen are
significantly lower than at sea level. That increases blood flow to the
brain and pressure inside the skull.
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The increased pressure may protect against concussions caused by a
phenomenon known as "brain slosh." When the head is subjected to sudden
accelerations and decelerations, the brain, skull, blood and spinal fluid
move at different rates because their densities vary.
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Higher pressure, according to this hypothesis, essentially creates a
tighter-fitting brain that is less prone to damage.
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The complete article may be read at the URL above.
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Researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center explore the
potential to "protect the brain from the inside out"
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CINCINNATI, Feb. 3, 2014 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- A new study analyzing
concussion data for NFL players during the 16-game regular season
schedules for 2012 and 2013 may provide insight that could lead to safer
play, including a pathway for concussion-prevention strategies.
Highlights of the study include:
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NFL players are 30 percent less likely to sustain concussions when playing
at higher altitudes
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"Brain slosh" is the suspected common cause of concussions, not direct
impact to the head
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New helmet designs and rule changes, such as penalizing helmet-to-helmet
contact, have not shown a measurable impact in reduction of concussions in
the NFL
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Woodpeckers and big horn (head-ramming) sheep may provide insight on how
to reduce concussions
Safer cities: The study concludes that the risk of sustaining a
concussion is significantly less at games played in the nine NFL cities
with the highest altitudes, cities that range from 644 to 5,192 feet above
sea level:
Phoenix
Atlanta
Buffalo
Charlotte
Denver
Indianapolis
Kansas City
Minneapolis
Pittsburgh
The combined odds of concussion during a game in one of these cities was
30 percent less than in the 23 other cities with NFL teams.
http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-study-on-nfl-concussions-
shows-higher-altitudes-reduce-risk-significantly-243327501.html
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A shorter URL for the above link:
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http://tinyurl.com/nkp3bsu
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Rates of Concussion Are Lower in National Football League Games Played at
Higher Altitudes
Authors: Gregory D. Myer, PhD, FACSM, CSCS*D1-5, David Smith, MD1, Kim
D. Barber Foss, MS, ATC, LAT1, Christopher A. Dicesare, MS, CSCS1, Adam
W. Kiefer, PhD1,6,7, Adam M. Kushner, BS, CSCS1, Staci M. Thomas, MS1,
Heidi Sucharew, PhD8, Jane C. Khoury, PhD9
AFFILIATIONS:
1Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical
Center, Cincinnati, OH.
2The Human Performance Laboratory, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati
Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
3Departments of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of
Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.
4The Sports Health and Performance Institute, OSU Sports Medicine, Ohio
State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH.
5The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Waltham, MA.
6Center for Cognition, Action and Perception, Department of Psychology,
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH.
7Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine,
Cincinnati, OH.
8Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital
Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
9Divisions of Biostatistics and Epidemiology and Endocrinology, Cincinnati
Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
Address correspondence to Dr Gregory D. Myer, Cincinnati Childrens
Hospital, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 10001, Cincinnati, OH 45229. Email:
[log in to unmask]
Published: Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, Ahead of
Print Pages: 1-9 doi:10.2519/jospt.2014.5298
http://www.jospt.org/doi/abs/10.2519/jospt.2014.5298#.UvV0SaQo6K5
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Temple University
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