I agree with Sarah - a very good question - and not one we are likely to get a definitive answer on unless the licensor states what they want or it's tested in the courts. And, of course, that will depend on which courts - the US and UK are likely to be quite different. Although CC has taken great care to ensure that the latest version of their licences are internationally applicable.
I also agree with Sarah that options 1 and 5 are a 'must do'. So make sure that your underlying content management system contains this information and is capable of inserting rights information 'on the fly' when you publish to the web - or ensure that this is done manually. However, we are all aware that many systems and software have a tendency to delete IPTC information, so the only sure way of keeping attribution with the item is by attaching visible rights information to the item itself (and for that you may need the permission of the rights holder .....)
To revert to James' original question - this was prompted by uncertainty about whether web attribution practices should, or need to, be applied to attribution on mobile apps or gallery interactives. I am sure that CC will have more on this in the coming weeks, months. They are constantly refining their guidance. A note on the CC wiki today states : "This page was last modified on 10 January 2014, at 20:37."
If you are applying a CC licence, you will need to apply common sense to the stipulation in CC 4.0 that the style of attribution is "reasonable to medium, means, and context". Indeed, CC say that a credit at the end of a post/page is good enough but that a credit with the item is "preferred".
At least with a CC licence, you can be fairly sure what the creator's intentions are - and what they have signed up to. The CC guidelines are extremely comprehensive - and the two posters (below) are very good and the best way though the maze.
http://foter.com/blog/how-to-attribute-creative-commons-photos/
http://creativecommons.org.au/content/attributingccmaterials.pdf
If you are applying another (non-CC) licence you will have to clarify what the creator means by "attribution" if you want to be sure.
So, no shortcuts then, but you knew that didn't you....?
An amateur photographer/videomaker may have a very broad definition in mind - professionals will take a very different view.
Incidentally, Catherine's blog was very interesting but, as a demonstration of the fragility of links. Her link to JISClegal is fine, but JISC's link to the college is broken. The college's news item is at http://uckfieldnews.com/uckfield-college-ordered-to-pay-thousands-for-copyright-infringement/ - and the college's link to the notice is broken (probably because they were only required to have the notice online for 6 months). The original Patents County Court order is at http://www.sser.co.uk/UckfieldOrderSealed.pdf
So - another question - what happens when the link to the creator's url is broken ? My guess is that it's fine as long as the link (direct to the creator) was working at the time you insert the credit.
This type of question is very welcome. In my case, it prompted me to track through the various licences and catch up with the progress in this area. However, the solution still reverts to best practice in analogue days - a clear trackable visible credit is always best - and 'reasonable' on a website is not going to be 'reasonable' on a tiny mobile screen. TBC.
So we beat on, boats against the current ...... *
best wishes
Angela Murphy
Consultant
Image Management and Rights Clearance
The Image Business
21 Leamington Road Villas
Notting Hill
London W11 1HS
Tel: +44-(0)20-77274920
Mob: +44-(0)7973-820020
email: [log in to unmask]
http://about.me/angelamurphy
* From The Great Gatsby by F Scott Fitzgerald [This work is still in copyright as Fitzgerald's rights were extended by the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act ie not death + 70 years but publication + 95 years. Quoted under US 'fair use' provision: non-commercial, educational.]
On 17 Jan 2014, at 09:46, James Morley wrote:
> Hi, a 'quick' Friday question ...
>
> If you are planning to use images under a license that requires
> attribution, but the mechanism for attribution is not specified, which
> of the following would people deem acceptable?
>
> - display an image on a web page and having a full citation and link
> (ok, I think that's an obvious yes)
> - display an image on a website with attribution in a hidden
> "title=xyz" attribute
> - give generic credits for images at the end of a page, or even on a
> separate page
> - overlay an image with a text 'watermark' attribution (but does that
> create a derivative, which gets even more confusing!)
> - embed all attribution details in image metadata
>
> One of the reasons for asking is that most of the licenses I have seen
> seem to be focused around web usage, but what about mobile apps,
> in-gallery interactives etc?
>
> I appreciate that licences vary and some will specify exact
> requirements, but I ask the question in a generic way, and perhaps
> also thinking in the spirit of the law, rather than just the letter.
>
> Thanks, James
>
> PS taking the most obvious example of Creative Commons, it seems that
> they have in part addressed this with 4.0 which says "In 4.0, the
> manner of attribution is explicitly allowed to be reasonable to the
> means, medium, and context of how one shares a work." (source:
> http://wiki.creativecommons.org/License_Versions#Attribution_reasonable_to_means.2C_medium.2C_and_context
> with further detail, though no real explanation, at
> http://wiki.creativecommons.org/License_Versions#Detailed_attribution_comparison_chart).
> But if you wanted to use a CC-BY 2.0 licensed image you'd be
> restricted to the very first option, and should follow the guidelines
> at http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Best_practices_for_attribution
>
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