25 nov 2011 kl. 05:40 skrev Filippo A. Salustri:
"A very quick scan of google scholar tells me "co-creation" is a marketing
thing, not a design thing. It would appear to involve some kind of
collaboration between a firm and a customer. Wow. As far as I know,
that's been going on for years at least. If they mean something different,
they should have said so."
I just want to fill in on the possible theoretical grounding of co-design in general, and the NextD CoCreation in particular.
In my view the model they use for design situations is a version of Jones hierarchy:
-Community
-System
-Product
-Function
They also present a similar reasoning on the implications for the design methods as Jones.
CoCreation, co-design etc can be traced in at least two ways:
* American Pragmatism
William James (Usefulness replaces truth as meaningful objective)
Edgar Singer. (Singer point outs that knowledge is dependent on the perspective and purpose of inquiry)
Churchman (Based on Singer you need to investigate the perspective and purpose of stakeholders [not just users or clients] in design)
Mitroff (Stakeholders are not static, but needs to be investigated/decided for each design situation)
Ackoff (Design as dialogue on ideal situation and consequences of the stakeholders)
* Participatory Design
Ehn et al (First "worker user", but later some of PD has begun to include wider set of stakeholders)
EG. Carrol & Rosson
The difference, if there is one, is perhaps that pragmatism stresses the need for *representing* different perspectives in design while participatory design stresses the *involvement* of stakeholders. (Ehn is for instance citing Churchman, Ackoff)
In my view co-design, CoCreation expands the view of design, compared to for instance a "designer - client" or a "designer - user" relationship.
Consequence: I don't agree that in general "'co-creation' is a marketing thing, not a design thing."
That doesn't mean that I unreservedly recommend the NextD version. As have been pointed out, they don't present how they do this in the document.
(I did met them a couple of weeks ago though, and have gotten the impression that they as a firm actually do real work, with real and very demanding clients, applying their CoCreation approach, which from my american pragmatist point of view is an a vital and necessary step in developing design knowledge.)
Best Wishes to all,
Lars
Jones, J. C. (1992). Design methods. New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold.
James, W. (1907). "Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking ".
Churchman, C. W. (1968). The systems approach. New York,, Delacorte Press.
Mitroff, I. I. (1983). Stakeholders of the organizational mind. San Francisco, Jossey-Bass.
Ackoff, R. L., J. Magidson, et al. (2006). Idealized design : how to dissolve tomorrow's crisis...today. Upper Saddle River, Wharton School Pub.
Ehn, P. (1988). Work-oriented design of computer artifacts. Stockholm , Arbetslivscentrum : [Brevskolan] [distributör] : Almqvist & Wiksell International [internationell distributör].
Carroll, J. M. and M. B. Rosson (2007). "Participatory design in community informatics." Design Studies 28(3): 243-261.
From my own work:
Albinsson, L., M. Lind, et al. (2007). Co-Design: An approach to border crossing, Network Innovation. eChallenges 2007, The Hague, The Netherlands. (Best Paper Award)
http://calistoga.se/2007_innovation_networks.pdf
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LARS ALBINSSON
PHD CANDIDATE, CONSULTANT
+46 (0) 70 592 70 45
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CALISTOGA SPRINGS RESEARCH INSTITUTE
UNIVERSITY OF BORÅS
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