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CONSUMER INFORMATION: SOURCES:
PubMed Health
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PubMed Health
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/
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New PubMed Health website available
http://www.cochrane.org/news/news-events/
current-news/new-pubmed-health-website-available
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A shorter URL for the above link:
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http://tinyurl.com/6ces5jj
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The National Library of Medicine and the National Center for Biotechnology
Information have released the new and improved PubMed Health website.
Focusing on reviews of clinical effectiveness research, PubMed Health
provides easy-to-read summaries for consumers, as well as full technical
reports.
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PubMed Health is based on systematic reviews of clinical trials, showing
what treatments and prevention methods have been proven to work, and what
remains unknown. The PubMed Health database has been built in partnership
with the US's Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the UK's
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), the German
Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG), and The
Cochrane Collaboration, among others.
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For more information, visit PubMed Health at
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http://www.pubmed.gov/health
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PubMed Health
The Krafty Libraraian
http://kraftylibrarian.com/?p=730
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"The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is developing a
new site called PubMed Health. According to MidContinental Region News,
PubMedHealth will focus on consumer-level, evidence-based health
information. PubMed Health is under development at the National Library
of Medicines National Center for Biotechnology Information and is being
introduced in phases, starting with consumer drug information provided by
the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. According to the
Sheridan Libraries blog post, The drug information will be integrated with
several other NCBI databases, ultimately providing a linked resource for
finding information about diseases and conditions, treatments, and other
related data."
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Read more at the URL immediately above.
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Search Sample from PubMed Health
Results: 1 to 20 of 237
Your search for schziophrenia retrieved no results. However, a search for
schizophrenia retrieved the following items.
Refine your search:
All (237) | For consumers (158) | Clinical Guides (24) | Executive
Summaries (7) | Full Text Reviews (48)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/?term=schziophrenia
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Medical Encyclopedia
Diseases & Conditions:
Schizophrenia Schizophrenia - paranoid type Schizophrenia - disorganized
type Drugs & Supplements:
Quetiapine Clozapine Lurasidone
.
Reviews in PubMed
Mapping prodromal psychosis: A critical review of neuroimaging studies.
[Eur Psychiatry. 2011] Mapping prodromal psychosis: A critical review of
neuroimaging studies.
Fusar-Poli P, McGuire P, Borgwardt S.
.
Eur Psychiatry. 2011 Sep 20Epub 2011 Sep 20.Impaired cognitive inhibition
in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of the Stroop interference effect.
[Schizophr Res. 2011] Impaired cognitive inhibition in schizophrenia: A
meta-analysis of the Stroop interference effect.
Westerhausen R, Kompus K, Hugdahl K.
Schizophr Res. 2011 Sep 19Epub 2011 Sep 19.
.
Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Adjunctive NMDA Receptor Modulators in
Chronic Schizophrenia. [CNS Drugs. 2011] Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy
of Adjunctive NMDA Receptor
.
Modulators in Chronic Schizophrenia.
Singh SP, Singh V.
CNS Drugs. 2011 Oct 1; 25(10):859-85. Minor physical anomalies in patients
with schizophrenia, unaffected first-degree relatives, and healthy
controls: a meta-analysis. [PLoS One. 2011]
.
Minor physical anomalies in patients with schizophrenia, unaffected
first-degree relatives, and healthy controls: a meta-analysis.
Xu T, Chan RC, Compton MT.
PLoS One. 2011; 6(9):e24129. Epub 2011 Sep
8.Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and clinical symptoms in first-
.
.
Sample of Search Results
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Schizophrenia: Core Interventions in the Treatment and Management of
Schizophrenia in Primary and Secondary Care (Update) [Internet]
The guideline makes recommendations for the treatment and management of
schizophrenia. It aims to improve access and engagement with treatment and
services for people with schizophrenia; evaluate the role of specific
psychological and psychosocial interventions in the treatment of
schizophrenia; evaluate the role of specific pharmacological interventions
in the treatment of schizophrenia; evaluate the role of specific service
level interventions for people with schizophrenia; integrate the above to
provide best-practice advice on the care of people with schizophrenia and
their family and carers; and promote the implementation of best clinical
practice through the development of recommendations tailored to the
requirements of the NHS in England and Wales.
NICE Clinical Guidelines - National Institute for Health and Clinical
Excellence (UK).
Version: March 2009
Show search results within this document
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Schizophrenia
This guideline is concerned with the treatment and management of what is
called schizophrenia, and its related disorders. Although the precise
terminology used for these disorders has been debated over the years, this
updated guideline relates specifically to those identified by the tenth
edition of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and
Related Health Problems (ICD10; World Health Organization, 1992). These
disorders are schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform
disorder and delusional disorder. This updated guideline does not address
the management of other psychotic disorders such as bipolar disorder,
mania or depressive psychosis, as they are covered by other guidelines.
.
Economic model cost effectiveness of pharmacological interventions for
people with schizophrenia
The systematic search of economic literature identified a number of
studies on pharmacological treatments for the management of schizophrenia,
of varying quality and relevance to the UK setting. Results were
characterised, in most cases, by high uncertainty and various levels of
inconsistency. The number of antispcyhotic medications assessed in this
literature was limited and did not include the whole range of drugs
available in the UK for the treatment of people with schizophrenia. These
findings pointed to the need for de novo economic modelling for this
guideline. The objective of economic modelling was to explore the relative
cost effectiveness of antipsychotic medications for people with
schizophrenia in the current UK clinical setting, using up-to-date
appropriate information on costs and clinical outcomes, and attempting to
include a wider choice of antipsychotic drugs than that examined in the
existing economic literature as well as to overcome at least some of the
limitations of previous models. Details on the guideline systematic review
of economic literature on pharmacological interventions for people with
schizophrenia are provided in chapter 6 (section 6.9.1).
.
Psychological therapy and psychosocial interventions in the treatment and
management of schizophrenia
Psychological therapies and psychosocial interventions have gained
momentum in the treatment of schizophrenia over the past three decades.
This can be attributed to at least two main factors. First, there has been
growing recognition of the importance of psychological processes in
psychosis, both as contributors to onset and persistence, and in terms of
the negative psychological impact of a diagnosis of schizophrenia on the
individuals well-being, psychosocial functioning and life opportunities.
Psychological and psychosocial interventions for psychosis have been
developed to address these needs. Secondly, although pharmacological
interventions have been the mainstay of treatment since their introduction
in the 1950s, they have a number of limitations. These include limited
response of some people to antipsychotic medication, high incidence of
disabling side-effects and poor adherence to treatment. Recognition of
these limitations, has paved the way for acceptance of a more broadly
based approach, combining different treatment options, tailored to the
needs of individual service users and their families. Such treatment
options include psychological therapies and psychosocial interventions.
Recently, emphasis has also been placed on the value of multi-disciplinary
formulation and reflective practice, particularly where psychologists and
allied mental health professionals operate within multidisciplinary teams
(BPS, 2007). The New Ways of Working report (BPS, 2007) also details the
increasing demand by both service users and carers to gain access to
psychological interventions, and the increasing recognition of these
interventions in the treatment and management of serious mental illnesses
including schizophrenia. The report proposes that a large expansion of
training of psychologists and psychological therapists is needed in order
to increase the workforce competent in the provision of psychological
therapy. This chapter addresses the evidence base for the application of
psychological and psychosocial treatments, generally in combination with
antipsychotic medication for individuals, groups and families.
See all 28 search results within this document
.
Drama therapy for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses
Drama therapy is one of the creative therapies suggested to be of value as
an adjunctive treatment for people with schizophrenia or
schizophrenia-like illnesses. Randomised studies have been successfully
conducted in this area but poor study reporting meant that no conclusions
could be drawn from them. The benefits or harms of the use of drama
therapy in schizophrenia are therefore unclear and further large, high
quality studies are required to determine the true value of drama therapy
for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries - John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Version: 2008
.
Art therapy for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses
Most people with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses will be
treated with medication, although on average, 5-15% will continue to
experience symptoms in spite of this. This review explores whether art
therapy, one of a number of creative therapies, could be beneficial when
used in addition to medication. The British Association of Art Therapists
definition of Art Therapy is "the use of art materials for self-expression
and reflection in the presence of a trained art therapist. Clients who are
referred to art therapy need not have previous experience or skill in art,
the art therapist is not primarily concerned with making an aesthetic or
diagnostic assessment of the client's image. The overall aim of its
practitioners is to enable a client to effect change and growth on a
personal level through the use of art materials in a safe and facilitating
environment." It has proved to be difficult to estimate how widely this
intervention is available. However, there are descriptions of its use with
people with schizophrenia, individually and in groups, in inpatient and
outpatient settings as well as in the private sector.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries - John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Version: 2009
.
Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a serious mental health problem that affects about one
percent of any population. For some people it can become an illness that
they have to live with for their entire life. Early research has suggested
that supplementing the diet with omega 3 or omega 6 fatty acids may have a
positive effect on the symptoms of schizophrenia. This review looks at
randomised control trials where omega 3 or omega 6 were used in
combination with antipsychotic medication, or as a treatment in their own
right for schizophrenia. Eight studies were found which included a total
of 517 people who had a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective
disorder (combined symptoms of schizophrenia and a mood disorder). They
ranged from six to 16 weeks in length and were in both hospital and
community settings.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries - John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Version: 2010
.
Music therapy for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like illnesses
Music therapy is a therapeutic method that uses musical interaction to
help people with serious mental illness to develop relationships and to
address issues they may not be able to using words alone. Studies to date
have examined the effects of music therapy as an add-on treatment to
standard care. The results of these studies suggest that music therapy
improves global state and may also improve mental state and functioning if
a sufficient number of music therapy sessions are provided.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries - John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Version: 2008
.
Levomepromazine for schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a profoundly disabling mental illness affecting thoughts,
emotions and behaviour. It has a life time prevalence of about 1%.
Antipsychotic medications still remain as the mainstay of treatment for
schizophrenia. Antipsychotic medications are classified into typical and
atypical subtypes. First generation or typical antipsychotic medications
have been the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia for decades and have
been effective in reducing the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, but
negative symptoms have been fairly resistant to treatment. With the advent
of atypical antipsychotics there has been a surge in prescriptions of the
atypical antipsychotic medications in recent years. Levomepromazine is one
among these 'older' typical antipsychotic medications. We systematically
reviewed the effects of levomepromazine in comparison to other typical and
atypical antipsychotic medications for people with schizophrenia and
schizophrenia-like disorders. We were able to include four studies in our
systematic review.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries - John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Version: 2010
.
Lamotrigine for schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a major mental disorder affecting about 1% of the general
population. The symptoms of the disorder significantly affect the social,
occupational and interpersonal functioning of the affected person. In
spite of promising treatments for schizophrenia over the last fifty years,
at least one-fifth to one-third of affected people fail to respond to
treatment. In such cases, additional drugs may be administered to improve
treatment response. One such drug is lamotrigine, which was introduced
primarily for epilepsy ('fits'). So far there has not been any systematic
analysis of those reports that have suggested the benefit of lamotrigine
for people with schizophrenia, hence we undertook this review. Cochrane
Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries - John Wiley &
Sons, Ltd. Version: 2008
.
Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries - John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Version: 2010
.
Chinese herbal medicine for schizophrenia
Antipsychotic medication is the mainstay of treatment for people with
schizophrenia, and although effective, still leaves some people with
distressing symptoms and/or disabling adverse effects. Safer and more
effective health care interventions are needed.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries - John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Version: 2011
.
Risperidone versus placebo for schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia is a serious, chronic and relapsing mental illness with a
worldwide lifetime prevalence of about 1%. It is characterised by positive
symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions, and negative symptoms such
as emotional numbness and withdrawal. One third of those who have
experienced an episode of schizophrenia recover and the illness does not
recur. Another 30% experience an unremitting illness. Half of these people
have a recurrent illness but with long episodes of considerable recovery
from the positive symptoms. The overall cost of the illness to the
individuals, their families and the community is considerable.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries - John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Version: 2010
.
Morita therapy for schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a long-term, chronic illness with a high disability rate
and disease burden. Treatment for schizophrenia should focus on the wider
social aspects of living in the community in addition to medicating the
immediate symptoms of this long-term illness. Reliance on medication alone
is insufficient, especially for patients with an illness which is often
very debilitating. There are several kinds of intervention strategies
available, often involving both the individual sufferer and the wider
family unit; Morita therapy being one of these.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries - John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Version: 2010
.
Atypical antipsychotics for people with both schizophrenia and depression
It is well known that depression occurs in people with schizophrenia.
Atypical antipsychotics are used to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia
but their specific effects on those with schizophrenia and depression are
unclear, although they are marketed for this purpose.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries - John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Version: 2010
.
Glutamatergic drugs for schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disease characterised by positive
symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions and negative symptoms such
as blunted affect and emotional withdrawal. People with schizophrenia may
also suffer from cognitive deficits. Current medication is effective in
reducing positive symptoms, but negative and cognitive symptoms are fairly
resistant to treatment. Antipsychotic drugs act mainly on the dopamine
system in the brain, although other neurotransmitter systems may also play
a role in schizophrenia.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries - John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Version: 2011
.
Cannabis for schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a mental illness characterised mainly by hallucinations
and delusions (psychosis) which for the majority of people has an onset in
late adolescence or early adulthood. Many people across many cultures,
especially the young, use cannabis, a plant containing the psychoactive
component delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. This plant, which is usually
smoked or eaten, gives a feeling of well-being, but in high doses it may
also cause psychosis and those who have schizophrenia may have a worse
overall outcome from using it. There are some people with schizophrenia
however, who claim that using cannabis helps their symptoms and reduces
the adverse effects of antipsychotic medication. This review aims to look
at the effects of cannabis, both its use and withdrawal, in people who
have schizophrenia.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries - John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Version: 2011
.
Are there any effective interventions to help individuals with
schizophrenia to quit or to reduce smoking?
People with schizophrenia are, very often, heavy smokers. It is uncertain
whether treatments that have been shown to help other groups of people to
quit smoking are also effective for people with schizophrenia. In this
review, we found that bupropion (an antidepressant medication previously
shown to be effective for smoking cessation) helps patients with
schizophrenia to quit or to reduce smoking. The effect was clear at the
end of the treatment and it may also be maintained after six months.
Patients who used bupropion in the trials did not experience any major
adverse effect and their mental state was stable during the treatment.
Smokers with schizophrenia who receive money as a reward for quitting may
have a higher rate of stopping smoking whilst they get payments. However,
there is no evidence that they will remain abstinent after the reward
stops. There was too little evidence to show whether other treatments like
nicotine replacement therapy and psychosocial interventions are helpful.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries - John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Version: 2011
.
Haloperidol versus chlorpromazine for schizophrenia
Schizophrenia can be a long-term, chronic illness with a worldwide
lifetime prevalence of about one per cent. The most common treatment of
this condition is using antipsychotics. In the developed world there is a
large choice of antipsychotics including some that are quite expensive,
whereas in the developing world the older and cheaper drugs such as
haloperidol and chlorpromazine are still used for the majority of the
people. In addition, most new medications are tested for their
effectiveness against haloperidol or chlorpromazine. This review looks at
clinical trials comparing people with schizophrenia who have been treated
with either chlorpromazine or haloperidol, in tablet form or as injection
into muscle but not by long acting injection. There were 14 trials
identified containing a total of 794 people. The trials varied in length
from several hours to 36 weeks but only two were six months or longer. The
most recent trial was published in 1994, and the earliest 1962. As
diagnosis of schizophrenia has changed over the years, some people in the
early trials may have diagnoses other than schizophrenia by todays
criteria.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries - John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Version: 2011
.
Risperidone versus olanzapine for schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental illness that affects about one
percent of the population worldwide.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries - John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Version: 2010
.
Antipsychotic medication for childhood-onset schizophrenia
Childhood onset schizophrenia is a serious, chronic and relapsing illness
with an overall prevalence of around 1 in 10,000. With better health care
delivery, it is likely that children and adolescents with schizophrenia
would be identified earlier in the course of the illness; antipsychotic
medication is one component of this treatment.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries - John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Version: 2009
.
Problem solving skills for schizophrenia
People with schizophrenia often have lack the ability to solve problems
arising from day to day living and stressful life events. These deficits
can affect their ability to live independently, and contribute to
disability and poor quality of life. Problem solving therapy is a
psychological intervention designed to improve the ability of people with
schizophrenia to approach problems in a systematic way and this therapy
can be used in addition to antipsychotic medication and other supportive
interventions.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries - John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Version: 2011
.
Chlorpromazine dose for people with schizophrenia
There are 24 million people in the world with schizophrenia according to
the World Health Organisation (WHO), of which 90 per cent live in the
developing world and are not using pharmaceutical treatments.
Schizophrenia is a long-term mental illness that causes people to have
false perceptions of the senses (hallucinations), see the world in a
different way from the majority (delusions), or to withdraw socially and
psychologically ('negative' symptoms). This illness can separate people
from their peers in a profound way. Antipsychotic medication can reduce
these symptoms in most people and improve their functioning.
Chlorpromazine is the oldest of these medications and the most readily
available, especially in the developing world. This review looks at trials
that try to find the optimum dose of chlorpromazine for people with
schizophrenia. Four trials were identified, which included a total of 1012
people. All of them were carried out before 1980, the participants were
all in hospital, and no trial was longer than 26 weeks - indeed two were
only 12 weeks. Three trials compared low doses of chlorpromazine to medium
doses (174 people) and one trial compared low doses to very high doses
(838 people). When comparing a low dose to a medium dose, the low dose was
significantly better in stopping people from withdrawing socially
(withdrawal/retardation). It also was less likely to cause people to adopt
strange postures (dystonia) and to allow people to have a better general
state of life in the medium term (up to 26 weeks). However these trials
contained a relatively small number of people. When low doses were
compared to what today would be a very high dose, those in the high dose
group had significantly more adverse effects but showed a small but
significant improvement in general functioning.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: Plain Language Summaries - John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Version: 2010
.
<< First< PrevPage 1Next >Last >>Medical Encyclopedia
Diseases & Conditions:
Schizophrenia Schizophrenia - paranoid type Schizophrenia - disorganized
type Drugs & Supplements:
.
Quetiapine Clozapine Lurasidone See all (60)...
Systematic Reviews in PubMed
Mapping prodromal psychosis: A critical review of neuroimaging studies.
[Eur Psychiatry. 2011] Mapping prodromal psychosis: A critical review of
neuroimaging studies.
Fusar-Poli P, McGuire P, Borgwardt S.
Eur Psychiatry. 2011 Sep 20Epub 2011 Sep 20.Impaired cognitive inhibition
in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of the Stroop interference effect.
[Schizophr Res. 2011]
.
Impaired cognitive inhibition in schizophrenia:
A meta-analysis of the Stroop interference effect.
Westerhausen R, Kompus K, Hugdahl K.
Schizophr Res. 2011 Sep 19Epub 2011 Sep 19.Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy
of Adjunctive NMDA Receptor Modulators in Chronic Schizophrenia. [CNS
Drugs. 2011] Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Adjunctive NMDA Receptor
Modulators in Chronic Schizophrenia.
Singh SP, Singh V.
.
CNS Drugs. 2011 Oct 1; 25(10):859-85. Minor physical anomalies in patients
with schizophrenia, unaffected first-degree relatives, and healthy
controls: a meta-analysis. [PLoS One. 2011] Minor physical anomalies in
patients with schizophrenia, unaffected first-degree relatives, and
healthy controls: a meta-analysis.
Xu T, Chan RC, Compton MT.
PLoS One. 2011; 6(9):e24129. Epub 2011 Sep
.
8.Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and clinical symptoms in
first-episode psychosis. [Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2011] See all
(2065)...
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