Sheep are a type of innocency; goats, 
unlike sheep, have horns, and are less 
tractable beasts--more unruly.  Could 
the goats possibly have been 
associated with demonic Azazel who 
receives the scapegoat sent into the 
wilderness with sins on its head 
(Leviticus 16: 8, 10): Heb. 'ez = the 
goat ("go away" = 'azal)?  Azazel 
(azaz, 'be strong' + el, 'god') is a 
fallen angel in Enoch 6:6, etc.  But I 
do not know if any one has suggested 
that the Day of Atonement, in Lev. 16, 
apocalyptically understood, as 
possibly being a source for the 
separation of the sheep from the goats 
(in Matt. 25:31ff.:  "But when the Son 
of Man comes in his glory, and all the 
holy angels with him, then he will sit 
on the throne of his glory. Before him 
all the nations will be gathered, and 
he will separate them one from 
another, as a shepherd separates the 
sheep from the goats. He will set the 
sheep on his right hand, but the goats 
on the left.").  For, in the end (at 
Mt. 25:46), "These [presumably 'the 
goats' are meant] shall go away into 
everlasting punishment: but the 
righteous into life eternal." 
 (Ordinarily sheep, goats, & bullocks, 
are all acceptable for sacrifice and 
sin-offerings.)  And I suppose there 
might possibly be a hint of the 
diselection of Esau, who is resembled 
to a goat by the goat-skins in which 
the flock-keeping Jacob more or less 
successfully impersonates him (his 
hairy twin).

  On Fri, 11 Feb 2011 21:23:07 -0500
  ANNE PRESCOTT <[log in to unmask]> 
wrote:
> Roger reminds me of how much I do 
>miss the old "Lamb's Tail" award at
> Porlock. Indeed, I am sorrier and 
>sorrier that I won't be at K'zoo and 
>hence
> Porlock  this year so as to hear a 
>chorus of baa's and oinks. I do hope 
>I
> can quote some of all this for a 
>talk at the RSA, though.
>    One observation and one query. 
>Observation: on several occasions 
>I've
> noticed that the modern print 
>versions on EEBO for  some of the 
>texts I've
> been looking at for bits on 
>sheep-hooks, scepters, and David, 
>refer to those
> intriguing opposites the sheep an 
>"the groats." So God can divide the 
>sheep
> from the groats? Not really 
>impressive, although I'd give many an 
>an angel
> or crown to see those groats. Query: 
>does anyone know why in the Bible 
>sheep
> are good and goats are bad? Do lambs 
>taste better than baby goats? Maybe
> this is in Scripture and I just 
>forget. I know you can herd 
>goats--look at
> Obama's paternal family. But why do 
>goats go to the left and sheep go on
> God's right hand. Nobody calls a 
>religious figure the goat of God.
>    Signed, Puzzled in New York.
> 
> On Fri, Feb 11, 2011 at 4:46 PM, 
>Roger Kuin <[log in to unmask]> 
>wrote:
> 
>> I hereby commission all the 
>>participants hitherto who dare appear 
>>at
>> Kalamazoo this year to produce this 
>>as a Porlock Event, and invite
>> nominations for its nomenclature. It 
>>could, and perhaps should, be annual,
>> after the manner of the Jan Williams 
>>and Kathleen Van Dorsten
>> divertimentos.
>> Excelsior!
>> Roger
>>
>> On Feb 11, 2011, at 6:53 PM, Scott 
>>Lucas wrote:
>>
>> Come to think of it, congregational 
>>psalm singing is about the only thing 
>>I
>> haven't seen as a plot device on 
>>*Shaun the Sheep *yet.  Helen, you 
>>and
>> Psalm Woman could write the script! 
>> It could all start on that 
>>ill-starred
>> day when the Farmer decides to bring 
>>home that new, rather opinionated 
>>flock
>> of sheep he bought while on a trip 
>>to Geneva.  Led by Shaun's heretofore
>> unknown northern cousin, the grim, 
>>grumpy Shaun Knox, the newcomers soon
>> have the "fur flying" in the 
>>pasture!
>>
>> Shaun Knox could call the flock to 
>>the barn to offer a enlightening 
>>sermon,
>> holding up the behavior of the pigs 
>>as proof positive of the doctrine of
>> double predestination.
>> Later, the sheep could all stage a 
>>stirring debate over whether 
>>Shirley's
>> gaudy pelt (or "furplice," if you 
>>will) is an abomination before the 
>>Lord or
>> merely a matter indifferent.
>>
>> Some slapstick could be introduced 
>>by having neighboring farmer Mr. 
>>Algrind
>> come for a visit, only to take a 
>>pratfall after getting hit on the 
>>head by a
>> seashell.
>>
>> The kids will love it.
>>
>> Scott
>>
>> Scott C. Lucas
>> Professor of English
>> The Citadel
>> Charleston, SC 29409
>>
>> [log in to unmask]
>>
>> On Fri, Feb 11, 2011 at 10:37 AM, 
>>Vincent, Helen <[log in to unmask]> 
>>wrote:
>>
>>>  Beth,
>>> as long as they were baaing in the 
>>>vernacular...
>>> Helen
>>>
>>>
>>> Helen Vincent
>>> Senior Curator
>>> Rare Book Collections
>>>
>>> Tel: +44 (0) 131 623 3894
>>> Fax: +44 (0) 131 623 3888
>>> Email: [log in to unmask]
>>>
>>> National Library of Scotland
>>> George IV Bridge
>>> Edinburgh
>>> EH1 1EW
>>> Scotland
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>  ------------------------------
>>> *From:* Sidney-Spenser Discussion 
>>>List [mailto:
>>> [log in to unmask]] *On 
>>>Behalf Of *Quitslund, Beth
>>> *Sent:* 10 February 2011 15:07
>>>
>>> *To:* [log in to unmask]
>>> *Subject:* Re: Psalm 23
>>>
>>>  No worries.
>>>
>>> Though my dreams last night were 
>>>haunted by ghostly choruses of 
>>>plowboys,
>>> baaing.
>>>
>>>
>>>  Beth Quitslund
>>> Associate Professor
>>>
>>> Department of English
>>> Ellis Hall 348
>>> Ohio University
>>> Athens, OH  45701
>>>
>>> phone: (740) 593-2829
>>> FAX: (740) 593-2832
>>>
>>>  ------------------------------
>>> *From:* Sidney-Spenser Discussion 
>>>List [[log in to unmask]] 
>>>On
>>> Behalf Of Coughlan, Pat (English) 
>>>[[log in to unmask]]
>>> *Sent:* Thursday, February 10, 2011 
>>>7:25 AM
>>>
>>> *To:* [log in to unmask]
>>> *Subject:* Re: Psalm 23
>>>
>>>  Dear Beth,
>>>
>>>
>>> Oh please can we not have the full 
>>>text of “I just wanna be…”?
>>>
>>>
>>> PC
>>>
>>>  ------------------------------
>>>
>>> *From:* Sidney-Spenser Discussion 
>>>List [mailto:
>>> [log in to unmask]] *On 
>>>Behalf Of *Quitslund, Beth
>>> *Sent:* 09 February 2011 18:54
>>>
>>> *To:* [log in to unmask]
>>> *Subject:* Re: Psalm 23
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Helen, I think I'm going to have to 
>>>put that on a t-shirt.
>>>
>>>
>>> However, for the record, that 
>>>version of Ps 23 isn't by Thomas 
>>>Sternhold
>>> (probably Thomas Norton), and was 
>>>certainly not published in 1549.
>>> (Secondary power: stunning fistblows 
>>>of pedantry.)
>>>
>>>
>>> The best version of Ps 23--sort 
>>>of--that I've heard lately--is a song
>>> beginning "I just wanna be a sheep 
>>>(baa baa baa baa),"  and includes the
>>> verse "Don't wanna be a goat 
>>>(nope)." It's kind of catchy, 
>>>actually....
>>>
>>>
>>> Beth
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> Beth Quitslund
>>> Associate Professor
>>>
>>> Department of English
>>> Ellis Hall 348
>>> Ohio University
>>> Athens, OH  45701
>>>
>>> phone: (740) 593-2829
>>> FAX: (740) 593-2832
>>>
>>>  ------------------------------
>>>
>>> *From:* Sidney-Spenser Discussion 
>>>List [[log in to unmask]] 
>>>On
>>> Behalf Of Vincent, Helen 
>>>[[log in to unmask]]
>>> *Sent:* Wednesday, February 09, 2011 
>>>1:43 PM
>>> *To:* [log in to unmask]
>>> *Subject:* Psalm 23
>>>
>>> Beth's post reminds me (because she 
>>>is Psalm Woman*) that the Guardian's
>>> Poem Of The Week is Psalm 23, in 
>>>three early modern translations - 
>>>King
>>> James, Tyndale, and Sternhold. As 
>>>ever, the responses to these texts 
>>>from
>>> outside the academy make interesting 
>>>reading...
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/booksblog/2011/feb/07/poem-of-the-week-psalm-23
>>>
>>>
>>> Helen
>>>
>>> *superpower: making ploughboys burst 
>>>into song
>>>
>>>
>>> Helen Vincent
>>> Senior Curator
>>> Rare Book Collections
>>>
>>> Tel: +44 (0) 131 623 3894
>>> Fax: +44 (0) 131 623 3888
>>> Email: [log in to unmask]
>>>
>>> National Library of Scotland
>>> George IV Bridge
>>> Edinburgh
>>> EH1 1EW
>>> Scotland
>>>
>>>
>>>
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[log in to unmask]
James Nohrnberg
Dept. of English, Bryan Hall 219
Univ. of Virginia
P.O Box 400121
Charlottesville, VA 22904-4121