medieval-religion: Scholarly discussions of medieval religion and culture
Today (28. December) is the feast day of:
The Holy Innocents (ca. 3 BCE). We know about these sacrificial victims for Christ from Matthew 2: 16-18. Their feast in Rome seems to be no older than the later fourth century. Its stational church is San Paolo fuori le Mura, which latter is said to hold relics of them. Orthodox churches celebrate this feast on 29. December. Herewith a number of medieval representations of the Massacre of the Innocents (including some early antecedents of the German soldier of World War I propaganda with a Belgian baby on his bayonet):
Pyx (between 550 and 600; ivory and copper), Musée du Louvre, Paris:
http://tinyurl.com/37fu5y
Several views of this object will be found here (photographs by Genevra Kornbluth):
http://www.kornbluthphoto.com/HistoricalIvory2.html
Ivory plaque (ninth-century), re-used for the upper cover of a late tenth-century Gospels from Metz (Paris, BnF, ms. Latin 9393);
http://tinyurl.com/yceywa4
Manuscript illumination (Master of the Codex Egberti, late tenth-century), Gospel pericopes (Trier, Stadtbibliothek, Ms. 24):
http://tinyurl.com/6ujrwe
Relief (early eleventh-century) on a choir screen from the church of St. Domenica (Sv. Nediljica) in Zadar, now in the Arheološki muzej - Zadar:
http://www.croatianculture.info/pics/59_relief.jpg
Capital reliefs (ca. 1145; the better preserved portions of a longer frieze) on the central portal of the west facade, cathédrale Notre-Dame, Chartres:
http://tinyurl.com/2ettdp7
Glass panels (mid-twelfth-century), Infancy and Life of Christ window, cathédrale Notre-Dame, Chartres (photographs by Gordon Plumb):
http://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/4147810624/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/4147052747/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/22274117@N08/4147814192/
Reliquary châsse (mid to late twelfth-century), Musée du Louvre, Paris:
http://tinyurl.com/298avy
Fresco (ca. 1180), Panteón de los Reyes, Colegiata de San Isidoro, Léon
http://tinyurl.com/yl7fhdx:
Detail:
http://www.wga.hu/art/zgothic/mural/12c2/03catala.jpg
Portal relief (1190-1200), basilique Saint-Trophime, Arles:
http://tinyurl.com/7lk763
Manuscript illumination (ca. 1200), Psalter(?) fragment, codex sometimes described as a picture bible (The Hague, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, 76 F 5; fol. 11v):
http://tinyurl.com/2ule7j
Capital (late twelfth- or very early thirteenth-century), iglesia de Santa Cecilia, Aguilar de Campóo (Palencia):
http://tinyurl.com/3dy6jj
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/original/9337683.jpg
Relief on the lid of an iron baptismal font (ca. 1225) in the Hohe Domkirche St. Mariä Himmelfahrt at Hildesheim:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/28433765@N07/3941761102/
Relief (ca. 1220-1236), south portal, west facade, cathédrale Notre-Dame, Amiens:
http://tinyurl.com/22rtryv
Tympanum relief (lower right), Cloister portal (ca. 1250), north facade, cathédrale Notre-Dame, Paris:
http://tinyurl.com/2d2pl7h
Manuscript illumination (1266), Epistles according to the Use of Cambrai (Cambrai, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 190; fol. 11v):
http://tinyurl.com/3ymzxh
Manuscript illumination (mid to late thirteenth-century), Psalter according to the use of Arras (Aix-en-Provence, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 14; fol. XI):
http://tinyurl.com/35mlax
Portal relief (ca. 1280-1285), west facade, cathédrale Notre-Dame, Strasbourg:
http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/strasbourg/westntympdet.jpg
Manuscript illumination (ca. 1285-1290), Livre d'images de Madame Marie (Paris, BnF, ms. Nouvelle acquisition française 16251, fol. 24r):
http://tinyurl.com/ydzmsss
Glass window panel (late thirteenth-century), basilique Saint-Urbain, Troyes:
http://tinyurl.com/ygjtj7f
Pulpit relief (Giovanni Pisano; 1297-1301), cattedrale di San Zeno, Pistoia:
http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/giorgio.vasari/pisano/pic12.htm
Pulpit relief (Giovanni Pisano; 1302-1303), cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta, Pisa:
http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/italy/pisa/duomopulpit/0045.jpg
Fresco (Giotto; 1303-1305), Cappella degli Scrovegni (Arena Chapel), Padua:
http://www.christusrex.org/www1/giotto/SSC-strage-l.jpg
Panel painting (Duccio di Buoninsegna; 1308-1311), Museo dell'Opera del duomo, Siena:
http://tinyurl.com/ukbmh
Mosaic (betw. 1315 and 1321), Chora Church (Kariye Camii), Istanbul:
http://www.fixcas.com/cgi-bin/herod.py?KariyeCamii
Fresco (betw. 1335 and 1350; suboptimally preserved) in the narthex of the church of the Holy Ascension at the Visoki Dečani monastery near Peć in, depending on one's view of the matter, either the Republic of Kosovo or Serbia's province of Kosovo and Metohija:
http://tinyurl.com/ylk5wvs
Detail:
http://tinyurl.com/yd2sz84
Glass window panel (Giovanni di Bonino; 1325-1334), cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta, Orvieto:
http://www.icvbc.cnr.it/bivi/schede/Umbria/orvieto/1duomo15.htm
Wall painting (Master of Waltensburg / Waltensburger Meister / Maister da Vuorz; ca. 1340), Pfarrkirche Sankt Zeno, Lüen (Graubünden/Grisons):
http://tinyurl.com/38a53x
Manuscript illumination (Richard de Montbaston; 1348) in a copy of the _Legenda aurea_ in its French-language translation by Jean de Vignay (Paris, BnF, ms. Français 241, fol. 25v):
http://tinyurl.com/yj2oygb
Manuscript illumination (later fourteenth-century), Gospels in Armenian (Paris, BnF, ms. Arménien 333, fol. 4v):
http://tinyurl.com/y9zn7oo
Glass panel (Jakob Acker the Elder; ca. 1385, Anne and Mary window (Anna-Marienfenster), Münster (ex-cathedral of the BVM), Ulm:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/16459025@N03/3423771517/
Wall painting (1407), chiesa parrocchiale di Santa Maria Assunta / Pfarrkirche St. Mariä Himmelfahrt, Terlano/Terlan (BZ) in the South Tirol:
http://www.burgenseite.com/faschen/terlan_ritter_5.jpg
Glass panel (1449-1450), Holy Innocents window, cathédrale Notre-Dame, Rouen:
http://tinyurl.com/y9gsgx4
Glass panel (fifteenth-century, remounted in a window of 1522), collégiale Saint-Émilion, Saint-Émilion (Gironde):
http://inventaire.aquitaine.fr/typo3temp/pics/937aa4decd.jpg
Manuscript illumination (ca. 1450), Missal according to the Use of Nantes (Le Mans, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 0223; fol. 16v):
http://tinyurl.com/2tt7l5
Panel painting (Beato Angelico; 1450-1453), formerly in the church of the Santissima Annunziata in Florence, now in that city's Museo nazionale di San Marco:
http://saints.bestlatin.net/images/gallery/innocenti_angelico.jpg
Glass window panel (I 2g; ca. 1450-1455), St Peter Mancroft, Norwich:
http://tinyurl.com/2ask5sq
Panel painting (Hugo van der Goes; before 1482), part of an Adoration of the Magi triptych, The State Hermitage Museum, Saint Petersburg:
http://www.fixcas.com/cgi-bin/herod.py?Goes
Mosaic panels (Matteo di Giovanni; ca. 1481), floor of the cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta, Siena:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/bootsintheoven/471081918/
http://tinyurl.com/y8k8gf
http://tinyurl.com/yeujfbg
http://tinyurl.com/ybhkpn9
Panel painting (Matteo di Giovanni; 1482), chiesa di Sant'Agostino, Siena:
http://www.wga.hu/art/m/matteo/innocent.jpg
Panel painting (Matteo di Giovanni, 1488), Museo nazionale di Capodimonte, Naples:
http://tinyurl.com/yaeg39l
Glass window (Antonio da Pandino; ca. 1490) formerly in the cathedral of Milan, now in the collection of the Château du Hac, Le Quiou, Brittany:
http://www.icvbc.cnr.it/bivi/estero/1chateau_hac1.htm
Manuscript illumination (before 1498), Breviary according to the Use of Besançon (Besançon, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. 69; p. 209):
http://tinyurl.com/ytsk3c
Glass panel (ca. 1532; Innocents at upper left), Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam:
http://tinyurl.com/yfpxtnd
Best,
John Dillon
(last year's post revised)
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