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IU Research at the American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting
IU Research at the American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting
Last modified: Friday, June 4, 2010
Newsroom Home > Indiana University Media Relations > News Release
<http://newsinfo.iu.edu/news/page/normal/14581.html>
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Friday, June 4
The studies explore the following topics:
Hip exercises reduce, eliminate common knee pain in runners
Dwelling interiors influence physical activity levels in middle aged
African Americans
Stronger breathing muscles might leave more oxygen for other muscles
during endurance sports
Making physical activity a vital sign to check during doctor visits
Compression clothes -- functional or fad?
Hip exercises found effective at reducing, eliminating common knee pain in
runners.
A twice weekly hip strengthening regimen performed for six weeks
proved surprisingly effective at reducing -- and in some cases eliminating
-- knee pain referred to as patellofemoral pain (PFP) in female runners.
The study by Tracy Dierks, assistant professor in the Department of
Physical Therapy at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, was
based on the theory that stronger hips would correct running form errors
that contribute to PFP, even though study participants were given no
instruction in gait training. The study used a pain scale of 0 to 10, with
3 representing the onset of pain and 7 representing very strong pain --
the point at which the runners normally stop running because the pain is
too great. The injured runners began the six-week trial registering pain
of 7 when they ran on a treadmill and finished the study period
registering pain levels of 2 or lower; i.e. no onset of pain. "I wasn't
expecting such huge reductions, to be honest," Dierks said. "We've had a
couple of runners who have been at level 2, but the overwhelming majority
have been a 2 or below."
<snip>
Tidy house, fitter body?
An Indiana University study that examined the relationship between
physical activity and a range of variables involving urban residents'
homes and neighborhoods found that the inside of study subjects' homes had
more to do with higher physical activity levels than the sidewalks,
lighting and other elements considered. "At the end of the day, the
interior condition of their house seemed to be the only thing affecting
their physical activity," said NiCole Keith, associate professor in the
Department of Physical Education at Indiana University-Purdue University
Indianapolis. "It was not at all what we expected." The study involved 998
African Americans ages 49-65 who lived in St. Louis and participated in
the African American Health longitudinal study, which began in 2000.
African Americans, notes Keith, are disproportionally affected by risk
factors for cardiovascular disease. Physical activity can reduce the
likelihood that people will develop risk factors for cardiovascular
disease and also reduce the effect of the risk factors when they exist.
African Americans, however, have relatively low rates of physical
activity. Keith said efforts to increase physical activity rates in
city-dwellers might need to be taken inside. Much attention has been given
to improving sidewalks and other aspects of the built environment outside,
which Keith said is worthwhile, but if people already are active in their
homes, researchers should look at ways to increase this. "If you spend
your day dusting, cleaning, doing laundry, you're active," she said. "This
will inform interventions. They won't take 30 minutes to go for a walk,
but they'll take 30 minutes to clean."
<snip>
Inspiratory muscle training and endurance sports.
An Indiana University study found that strengthening inspiratory muscles
by performing daily breathing exercises for six weeks significantly
reduced the amount of oxygen these same breathing muscles required during
exercise, possibly making more oxygen available for other muscles. Louise
Turner, a researcher in the Department of Kinesiology, said just the act
of breathing during an endurance activity, such as running, swimming or
cycling performed at maximum intensity, can account for 10 to 15 percent
of an athlete's total oxygen consumption. While inspiratory muscle
training (IMT) has been shown to improve performance in endurance sports,
Turner's study sought to shed light on how IMT does this. "This study
helps to provide further insight into the potential mechanisms responsible
for the improved whole-body endurance performance previously reported
following IMT," she said.
<snip>
A doctor's referral for better fitness.
People visit physicians to get or stay healthy, but should questions about
physical activity be a part of these visits, too -- every time? The
American College of Sports Medicine and its Exercise is Medicine program
think so. So does Indiana University physical activity expert NiCole
Keith. "Doctors ask their patients about cigarette smoking, alcohol
consumption and dietary habits, because those behaviors habits all affect
health," said Keith, associate professor in the Department of Physical
Education at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. "Failure
to exercise or be physically active also is linked to several chronic
diseases, and a discussion about those habits also must be part of a
general medical visit. One of the goals of Exercise is Medicine is for
physicians to consider physical activity levels a vital sign that should
be checked during office visits, similar to height, weight, blood pressure
and other vital signs. If health care providers take just one minute,
Keith said, to ask about physical activity levels and counsel patients, if
necessary, they could then refer them to an appropriate program in the
community or healthcare system for additional help. "Hearing from a
provider that you need to be more physically active or need to exercise
will reduce the stigma associated with exercise and physical activity,"
said Keith.
Keith was invited to discuss her research on this topic at a special
workshop during the American College of Sports Medicine's annual meeting.
"The extension of Exercise is Medicine Model: Clinical Interventions for
Promoting Physical Activity and Reducing Health Disparities in Medically
Underserved Populations," will take place on Wednesday from 3:15-4:05 p.m.
in Holiday Ballroom 4. Also speaking will be John Duperly, professor at
the Universidad del Rosario School of Medicine in Columbia.
<snip>
Study shows that calf compression does not improve running mechanics or
running economy.
The Indiana University study "Lower Leg Compression Sleeves: Influence on
Running Mechanics and Economy in Highly Trained Distance Runners" found
that lower leg compression garments did not impact a runner's oxygen
consumption, which meant there was no change in running economy or
efficiency. The study also found that calf compression garments did not
have an effect on running mechanics. Abigail Laymon, researcher in the
Department of Kinesiology, examined the impact a lower leg compression
garment -- basically, a more compressive tall sock that begins just above
the ankle and goes a little below the knee -- had on a runner's running
mechanics and running economy. Lower leg compression garments have gained
popularity in the professional field of distance running, despite a lack
of solid research supporting their use. "Distance runners may try them out
initially, because they see other runners using them with success," Laymon
said. "Since some runners are somewhat superstitious, they may continue to
use them if they happen to have a good race and attribute it to the
compression."
<snip>
Study shows that compression garments do not improve one's level of
performance.
An Indiana University study, "Limb Compression Does Not Alter Jump Height
Variability During The Vertical Jump," found that compression garments --
compressing specifically the upper thigh -- did not improve one's jump
height during the vertical jump. Many compression garments come with
manufacture claims that their product will increase a consumer's
performance. "I didn't buy into that," said Nathan Eckert, a human
performance doctoral student at Indiana University and lead researcher of
this study. "To think there is something you can just put on and
immediately you are better at what you do, just seemed too good to be
true." The vertical jump was used in the study, because it is an
assessment that correlates to other anaerobic measures such as sprints. If
someone wears a compressive short while performing a vertical jump and
they don't jump any higher, then that suggests that they will not perform
better in other anaerobic events, Eckert said. Eckert said that he hopes
from this study, consumers will be weary before they purchase a
compression garment based off a company's manufacture claims. "Consumers
need to keep in mind that this is a business, and that they are trying to
sell you their product," Eckert said. However, consumers are not the only
ones that believe these claims of performance improvement. Swimming's
governing body, Federation Internationale De Natation, has banned full
body compression swimsuits from being worn by male swimmers in the 2012
Olympics.
<snip>
The complete press release may be read at the URL above.
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David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
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