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Subject:

PSYCHOLOGY: HUMAN: BRAIN : PSYCHOLOGY: BEHAVIORAL TRAINING: Behavioral Training Improves Connectivity and Function in the Brain

From:

"David P. Dillard" <[log in to unmask]>

Reply-To:

To support research in sports medicine <[log in to unmask]>

Date:

Tue, 29 Dec 2009 05:51:12 -0500

Content-Type:

TEXT/PLAIN

Parts/Attachments:

Parts/Attachments

TEXT/PLAIN (254 lines)

.


PSYCHOLOGY: HUMAN: BRAIN :
PSYCHOLOGY: BEHAVIORAL TRAINING:
Behavioral Training Improves Connectivity and Function in the Brain



Date: Wed, 9 Dec 2009 12:20:46 -0500
From: "NIH OLIB (NIH/OD)" <[log in to unmask]>
To: [log in to unmask]
Subject:  Behavioral Training Improves Connectivity
and Function in the Brain



U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH NIH News



National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
<http://www.nimh.nih.gov/>


Embargoed for Release: Wednesday, December 9, 2009, Noon, EST



CONTACT:

Karin Lee

National Institute of Mental Health

301-443-4536

e-mail:

[log in to unmask]




BEHAVIORAL TRAINING IMPROVES CONNECTIVITY AND FUNCTION IN THE BRAIN



Children with poor reading skills who underwent an intensive, six-month 
training program to improve their reading ability showed increased 
connectivity in a particular brain region, in addition to making 
significant gains in reading, according to a study funded in part by the 
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). The study was published in the 
Dec. 10, 2009, issue of Neuron.


"We have known that behavioral training can enhance brain function." said 
NIMH Director Thomas R. Insel, M.D.  "The exciting breakthrough here is 
detecting changes in brain connectivity with behavioral treatment. This 
finding with reading deficits suggests an exciting new approach to be 
tested in the treatment of mental disorders, which increasingly appear to 
be due to problems in specific brain circuits."


For the study, Timothy Keller, Ph.D., and Marcel Just, Ph.D., both of 
Carnegie Mellon University, randomly assigned 35 poor readers ages 8-12, 
to an intensive, remedial reading program, and 12 to a control group that 
received normal classroom instruction. For comparison, the researchers 
also included 25 children of similar age who were rated as average or 
above-average readers by their teachers. The average readers also received 
only normal classroom instruction.


Four remedial reading programs were offered, but few differences in 
reading improvements were seen among them. As such, results for 
participants in these programs were evaluated as a group. All of the 
programs were given over a six month schooling period, for five days a 
week in 50-minute sessions (100 hours total), with three students per 
teacher. The focus of these programs was improving readers' ability to 
decode unfamiliar words.


Using a technology called diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), the researchers 
were able to measure structural properties of the children's white matter, 
the insulation-clad fibers that provide efficient communication in the 
central nervous system. Specifically, DTI shows the movement of water 
molecules through white matter, reflecting the quality of white matter 
connections. The better the connection, the more the water molecules move 
in the same direction, providing a higher "bandwidth" for information 
transfer between brain regions.


At the outset of the study, poor readers showed lower quality white matter 
than average readers in a brain region called the anterior left centrum 
semiovale. Six months later, at the completion of the intensive training, 
the poor readers showed significant increases in the quality of this 
region. Children who did not receive the training did not show this 
increase, suggesting that the changes seen in the remedial training group 
were not due to natural maturation of the brain.


In an effort to further pinpoint the mechanism underlying this change, the 
researchers deduced that a process called myelination may be key. Myelin 
is akin to electrical insulation, allowing for more rapid and efficient 
communication between nerve cells in the brain. However, the directional 
association between brain changes and reading improvements remains unclear 
-whether intensive training brings about increased myelination that 
results in improved word decoding skills, or whether improved word 
decoding skills leads to changes in reading habits that result in greater 
myelination.


"Our findings support not only the positive effects of remediation and 
rehabilitation for reading disabilities, but may also lead to improved 
treatments for a range of developmental conditions related to brain 
connectivity, such as autism," noted Just.


The mission of the NIMH is to transform the understanding and treatment of 
mental illnesses through basic and clinical research, paving the way for 
prevention, recovery and cure. For more information, visit the



<http://www.nimh.nih.gov>



The National Institutes of Health (NIH) -- The Nation's Medical Research 
Agency -- includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the 
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It is the primary federal 
agency for conducting and supporting basic, clinical and translational 
medical research, and it investigates the causes, treatments, and cures 
for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its 
programs, visit



<http://www.nih.gov>



----------------------



REFERENCE:



Keller TA, Just MA
Altering cortical connectivity: Remediation-induced 
changes in the white matter of poor readers 
Neuron




##




This NIH News Release is available online at:
<http://www.nih.gov/news/health/dec2009/nimh-09.htm>.







Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
[log in to unmask]
<http://daviddillard.businesscard2.com>
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Bushell, R. & Sheldon, P. (eds),
Wellness and Tourism: Mind, Body, Spirit,
Place, New York: Cognizant Communication Books.
Wellness Tourism: Bibliographic and Webliographic Essay
David P. Dillard
<http://tinyurl.com/p63whl>
<http://tinyurl.com/ou53aw>



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Improve Your Chances for Indoor Gardening Success
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