I could answer you in one word "Quine" and at the risk of invoking Cardinal
Biggles and the Spanish Inquision add that of mathematician and logician
Ludovicus Carolus, (now that's three words, can I come again) all of the
words are allowable within English language games, with a nodding
acquaintance of French, "ah le desuetude des neiges Danton" for that which
is no longer a la mode.
For instance if normal leads to normalcy, then the real leads to realcy
innit? Neither of which you will find in Piers Plowman, a decent volume of
which would make a fine Christmas present
http://www.archive.org/details/visionwilliamco02skeagoog and a dictionary to
go with it http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/10625
"particular languages. Their inventory differs from one language to another.
And if
one admits the fundamental character of the microsemantic level, then the
same
will be true for the other levels.
Yet, the semantics that we have at our disposal are all general or universal
semantics--of the same sort that logic, the philosophy of language or
psychology
have always produced. In this respect, they tend to mask the diversity of
languages. General semantics and language-specific semantics should go hand
in
hand. Better yet, it is on the basis of language-specific semantics,
constructed
according to common principles, that linguists could develop a general
semantics
that would no longer be largely speculative. It is on such a basis that one
will be
able to evaluate the thesis of linguistic relativism.
6. TOWARDS A UNIFIED SEMANTICS
We have presented three paradigms, the referential, the inferential and the
differential; the task now at hand is to characterize these paradigms by way
of
contrast, that is to say, in their relations with history, sociology and
epistemology.
1. References that go back very far in the past are unusual in cognitive
research. In the history of ideas, taking long periods of time into
consideration
provides a richer source of information and features of permanence are no
less
significant than elements of novelty. For the journalistic and popular
conception of
the history of the sciences, the succession of paradigm changes and
epistemological "ruptures" unfolds at a brisk pace; thus academic stars, the
objects
of media attention like all others, find themselves the beneficiaries of
"novel" (i.e.
usurped) discoveries. In the domain of linguistic ideas, theories do not
become
outdated in the same way as is the case with the life sciences or the nature
sciences…
In short, the inferential and referential paradigms have a history going
back
two millenia; the differential paradigm dates back two and half centuries at
most.
This disparity need not entail any conclusions as to their respective
theoretical
well-foundedness, since there are some excellent archaisms just as they are
some
regrettable novelties. But it is entirely normal that the relative novelty
of the
differential paradigm has not been understood. The criticisms of Saussure
that
Ogden and Richards put forth are particularly enlightening in this respect.
They
This point was not recognized by most of the founders of differential
semantics. For example, if
the French language acknowledges the opposition between the components
"extra-urban" and
"intra-urban"--since it permits one to distinguish between contents such as
"rue", "route", "autobus"
and "autocar"--one doubts whether certain Amazonian languages make the same
distinctions.
Some of these semantics draw their examples from only a single language, yet
all of them argue
for a general validity and applicability to other languages.
What remains to be explained however, for lack of anything that one could
call "new", are the
"effects of novelty": one such effect having been created for example by
Austin's rediscovery of
speech acts, when in fact the theory of performatives (to mention only
these) has a pluri-millenial
tradition behind it in the domain of rhetoric (since Protagoras doubtless
and surely Varron), law and
theology (on the sacraments, see for example Rosier, 1990).
fault him in effect for "an inordinate respect for linguistic convention"
(1923, p. 6)
and conclude that "unfortunately, this theory of signs, by neglecting
entirely the
things for which signs stand, was from the beginning cut off from any
contact with
scientific methods of verification" . Their arguments presuppose that any
theoretical proposition made in connection with a semiotic, and in
particular a
linguistic object, can only be verified through an examination of its
referents. If we
follow this line of argument, it is physics alone that would be best suited
to found
linguistics. This verificationism enjoys a host of solid traditions in
logic. And it
derives ultimately from the Aristotelian conception of signification."
François Rastier (2006) Semantics and Cognitive Research, ch. III, pp.
57-94.
Larry
> -----Original Message-----
> From: David P. Dillard [mailto:[log in to unmask]]
> Sent: 09 December 2009 21:24
> To: Larry Arnold
> Cc: [log in to unmask]
> Subject: RE: British English vs. American English in Publication and
Writing
>
>
>
> .
>
>
> It very well may be your Christmas present, but I will need to use
> Google's Christmas present to me that others on this list may want to pay
> green and red wrapped attention to, for a better appreciation of your
> Christmas present reponse to me:
>
>
> Google Dictionary
>
> http://www.google.com/dictionary
>
>
> retour
> <http://www.google.com/dictionary?langpair=en%7Cen&q=retour&hl=en&aq=f>
>
>
> desituement
>
<http://www.google.com/dictionary?langpair=en%7Cen&q=desituement&hl=en&aq=f>
>
>
> realcy
> <http://www.google.com/dictionary?langpair=en%7Cen&q=realcy&hl=en&aq=f>
>
>
> subterfication
>
<http://www.google.com/dictionary?langpair=en%7Cen&q=subterfication&hl=en&aq
=f>
>
>
> fictiferal
>
<http://www.google.com/dictionary?langpair=en%7Cen&q=fictiferal&hl=en&aq=f>
>
>
>
> referenciation
>
<http://www.google.com/dictionary?langpair=en%7Cen&q=referenciation&hl=en&aq
=f>
>
>
> Wow, it looks like I am not the only one stumped, Google also seems to be,
> but enjoy your Christmas present as information would be presents of mind,
> always a good state to be in. Have a wonderful holiday season. Learned
> something here, it is possible to stump the Google dictionary. Good
> lesson.
>
> Second lesson, if we stump Google Dictionary, try the web search for
> results:
>
> referenciation
>
> Results 1 - 10 of about 1,640 for referenciation.
>
>
<http://www.google.com/search?langpair=en%7Cen&q=referenciation&hl=en&sa=N&t
ab=
> Dw>
>
>
> Content example:
>
> CiteSeerX The Psychology of Referenciation in Man-Machine Dialogue - [
> Translate this page ]CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee
> Giles): is circular binds of controle and correction by rephrasing. This
> reflexivity, with its possibility ...
> citeseer.ist.psu.edu/181549.html - Cached - Similar -
>
>
> Anina Yates Onomastics & Self referenciation typenowhereMay 22, 2009 ...
> Anina Yates Onomastics & Self referenciation. May 22, 2009, 2:03 pm.
> Filed under: Anina Yates, UWE Degree Student Showcase ...
> typenowhere.wordpress.com/.../anina-yates--onomastics-self-referenciation/
> - Cached -
>
>
> Referenciation - [ Translate this page ]REFERENCIATION. La renciation
> digne dans une unitd'information les marques verbales ou de toute autre
> nature (ponctuation, hyperlien, etc. ...
> tecfa.unige.ch/tecfa/research/poschiavo/.../referenciation.php - Cached -
> Similar -
>
>
> REFERENCIATION DES CEQUES - [ Translate this page ]Nomenclature des ceques
> selon Zuidema : 1) Suyus 2) Sous-suyus 3) Groupes de ceques 4) Ceques
> indivuduels 5) Nombre de huacas par ceque ...
>
>
> One more example from this group of words:
>
>
> subterfication
>
> Results 1 - 3 of 3 for subterfication. (0.19 seconds)
>
> <http://www.google.com/search?q=subterfication&hl=en&filter=0>
>
>
> Ranchers.net's Bull Session :: Rush wants privacy for his private ...These
> are lawyer games to justify the subterfication (I just made up that word
> but as long as we are making things up here, I thought it sounded pretty
> ...
> www.ranchers.net/forum/post-121833.html -
>
>
> Ranchers.net's Bull Session :: Rush wants privacy for his private ...These
> are lawyer games to justify the subterfication (I just made up that word
> but as long as we are making things up here, I thought it sounded pretty
> ...
> www.ranchers.net/forum/about11068-0-asc-24.html - Cached -
>
>
> Ranchers.net's Bull Session :: Rush wants privacy for his private ...These
> are lawyer games to justify the subterfication (I just made up that word
> but as long as we are making things up here, I thought it sounded pretty
> ...
>
>
> I guess one can never trust just one source.
>
>
>
> Sincerely,
> David Dillard
> Temple University
> (215) 204 - 4584
> [log in to unmask]
> <http://daviddillard.businesscard2.com>
> Net-Gold
> <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/net-gold>
> Index: <http://tinyurl.com/myxb4w>
> <http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/net-gold.html>
> <http://groups.google.com/group/net-gold?hl=en>
> General Internet & Print Resources
> <http://guides.temple.edu/general-internet>
> COUNTRIES
> <http://guides.temple.edu/general-country-info>
> EMPLOYMENT
> <http://guides.temple.edu/EMPLOYMENT>
> TOURISM
> <http://guides.temple.edu/tourism>
> DISABILITIES
> http://guides.temple.edu/DISABILITIES
> INDOOR GARDENING
> <http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/IndoorGardeningUrban/>
> Educator-Gold
> <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Educator-Gold/>
> K12ADMINLIFE
> <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/K12AdminLIFE/>
> RUSSELL CONWELL CENTER SUBJECT GUIDE
> http://guides.temple.edu/Russell-Conwell-Center
> THE COLLEGE LEARNING CENTER
> <http://tinyurl.com/yae7w79>
> Nina Dillard's Photographs on Net-Gold
> http://tinyurl.com/36qd2o
> and also http://gallery.me.com/neemers1
> Net-Gold Membership Required to View Photos on Net-Gold
> Twitter: davidpdillard
>
>
> Bushell, R. & Sheldon, P. (eds),
> Wellness and Tourism: Mind, Body, Spirit,
> Place, New York: Cognizant Communication Books.
> Wellness Tourism: Bibliographic and Webliographic Essay
> David P. Dillard
> <http://tinyurl.com/p63whl>
> <http://tinyurl.com/ou53aw>
>
>
> INDOOR GARDENING
> Improve Your Chances for Indoor Gardening Success
> http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/IndoorGardeningUrban/
> http://groups.google.com/group/indoor-gardening-and-urban-gardening
>
>
> SPORT-MED
> https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/lists/sport-med.html
> http://groups.google.com/group/sport-med
> http://groups.yahoo.com/group/sports-med/
> http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/sport-med.html
>
>
> Health Diet Fitness Recreation Sports Tourism
> http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/healthrecsport/
> http://groups.google.com/group/healthrecsport
> http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/health-recreation-sports-tourism.html
>
>
> .
>
>
> On Wed, 9 Dec 2009, Larry Arnold wrote:
>
> > Is this my Christmas present? Such a refreshing retour or deturnment is
a
> > pleasantry of desituement in realcy after these times of subterfication
and
> > fictiferal referenciation.
> >
> > Larry
> >
> >> -----Original Message-----
> >> From: The Disability-Research Discussion List [mailto:DISABILITY-
> >> [log in to unmask]] On Behalf Of David P. Dillard
> >> Sent: 09 December 2009 18:07
> >> To: [log in to unmask]
> >> Subject: British English vs. American English in Publication and
Writing
> >>
> >> This post may be of interest to some members of this list as I believe
> >> this topic has been discussed on this list:
> >>
> >>
> >> WRITING AND WRITERS: PUBLISHING: MARKETING :
> >> WRITING AND WRITERS: RHETORIC AND SKILLS:
> >> British English vs. American English in Publication and Writing:
> >> A Selection of Sources
> >>
> >> <https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/cgi-bin/
> >> webadmin?A2=ind0912&L=SPORT-MED&T=0&F=&S=&P=11929>
> >>
> >>
> >> A shorter URL for the above link:
> >>
> >>
> >> <http://tinyurl.com/y9gcwfd>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> I hope all of you folks are having and will continue to have a great
> >> holiday sesson.
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> Sincerely,
> >> David Dillard
> >> Temple University
> >> (215) 204 - 4584
> >> [log in to unmask]
> >> <http://daviddillard.businesscard2.com>
> >> Net-Gold
> >> <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/net-gold>
> >> Index: <http://tinyurl.com/myxb4w>
> >> <http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/net-gold.html>
> >> <http://groups.google.com/group/net-gold?hl=en>
> >> General Internet & Print Resources
> >> <http://guides.temple.edu/general-internet>
> >> COUNTRIES
> >> <http://guides.temple.edu/general-country-info>
> >> EMPLOYMENT
> >> <http://guides.temple.edu/EMPLOYMENT>
> >> TOURISM
> >> <http://guides.temple.edu/tourism>
> >> DISABILITIES
> >> http://guides.temple.edu/DISABILITIES
> >> INDOOR GARDENING
> >> <http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/IndoorGardeningUrban/>
> >> Educator-Gold
> >> <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Educator-Gold/>
> >> K12ADMINLIFE
> >> <http://groups.yahoo.com/group/K12AdminLIFE/>
> >> RUSSELL CONWELL CENTER SUBJECT GUIDE
> >> http://guides.temple.edu/Russell-Conwell-Center
> >> THE COLLEGE LEARNING CENTER
> >> <http://tinyurl.com/yae7w79>
> >> Nina Dillard's Photographs on Net-Gold
> >> http://tinyurl.com/36qd2o
> >> and also http://gallery.me.com/neemers1
> >> Net-Gold Membership Required to View Photos on Net-Gold
> >> Twitter: davidpdillard
> >>
> >>
> >> Bushell, R. & Sheldon, P. (eds),
> >> Wellness and Tourism: Mind, Body, Spirit,
> >> Place, New York: Cognizant Communication Books.
> >> Wellness Tourism: Bibliographic and Webliographic Essay
> >> David P. Dillard
> >> <http://tinyurl.com/p63whl>
> >> <http://tinyurl.com/ou53aw>
> >>
> >>
> >> INDOOR GARDENING
> >> Improve Your Chances for Indoor Gardening Success
> >> http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/IndoorGardeningUrban/
> >> http://groups.google.com/group/indoor-gardening-and-urban-gardening
> >>
> >>
> >> SPORT-MED
> >> https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/lists/sport-med.html
> >> http://groups.google.com/group/sport-med
> >> http://groups.yahoo.com/group/sports-med/
> >> http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/sport-med.html
> >>
> >>
> >> Health Diet Fitness Recreation Sports Tourism
> >> http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/healthrecsport/
> >> http://groups.google.com/group/healthrecsport
> >>
http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/health-recreation-sports-tourism.html
> >>
> >>
> >> .
> >>
> >> ________________End of message________________
> >>
> >> This Disability-Research Discussion list is managed by the Centre for
> > Disability Studies at
> >> the University of Leeds (www.leeds.ac.uk/disability-studies).
> >> Enquiries about list administration should be sent to
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> >> [log in to unmask]
> >>
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> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
________________End of message________________
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