The way to get over this impasse is either to forget the idea of 
countries having commitments at all, and auction emission rights to 
energy companies in an upstream rationing system like Kyoto2 or Cap and 
Dividend, or to use a formula such as contraction and convergence or 
greenhouse development rights to decide emission quotas per country. 

I'm not sure which of these is likely to succeed.  Does anyone know any 
of the negotiators?

Chris

jo abbess wrote:

>Hi CRISIS FORUM,
>
>The same old arguments about WHO PAYS and WHO IS DEVELOPED are cropping up again. With a twist...
>
>=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=
>
>http://africa.reuters.com/wire/news/usnLS644425.html
>
>Rich or poor? New faultline in U.N. climate talks
>Thu 28 Aug 2008, 13:24 GMT
>By Alister Doyle, Environment Correspondent
>
>ACCRA, Aug 28 (Reuters) - Rich countries are pushing developing
>nations with the strongest economies to do far more to combat climate
>change, opening a faultline between rich and poor in U.N. talks on
>global warming.
>
>The European Union, for instance, says that some developing nations
>such as Singapore, Argentina and some OPEC states have grown richer
>than some developed nations which have to shoulder the burden of cuts
>in greenhouse gas emissions.
>
>"We want some of the developing nations to do more," said Brice
>Lalonde of France, who led the EU delegation at Aug. 21-27 talks among
>160 nations on a broader new climate treaty to be agreed by the end of
>2009.
>
>"There needs to be more differentiation among developing nations," he said.
>
>The current fight against climate change is led by 37 developed
>nations in the Kyoto Protocol who have agreed to cut emissions by five
>percent below 1990 levels by 2008-12. Developing nations have no
>targets.
>
>Many poor nations, which negotiate in a bloc at U.N. talks,
>strongly oppose any attempt by the rich to redefine the boundary
>between rich and poor, seeing it as a diversion from a need for the
>rich to make ever deeper cuts in emissions.
>
>"The (1992 U.N. Climate) Convention did not provide for
>differentiation between developing countries," said Byron Blake of
>Antigua and Barbuda, chair of a group of more than 130 developing
>nations in Accra known as the G77 and China.
>
>Any such talk would be a "diversion of effort", he told Reuters.
>Rich nations have to agree deeper cuts in greenhouse gases, mainly from
>burning fossil fuels, to slow impacts such as heatwaves, floods,
>desertification and rising seas.
>
>The European Union, Japan and Australia are among nations that say
>it is unfair to expect the rich group from almost two decades ago to
>keep on taking the lead. Kyoto groups all rich nations except the
>United States, which rejected the pact.
>
>NEW WORLD ORDER
>
>Since the early 1990s, non-Kyoto countries such as Mexico and South
>Korea have joined the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and
>Development, grouping rich nations.
>
>Non-Kyoto nations such as Argentina or Qatar have higher per capita
>incomes than insiders Russia or some eastern EU members. And by some
>World Bank yardsticks of purchasing power, non-Kyoto Singapore has
>higher per capita income than the United States.
>
>"Most developing countries are not in favour of differentiation,"
>Yvo de Boer, head of the U.N. Climate Change Secretariat, told Reuters.
>"I can't predict where that debate is going to go."
>
>A new treaty will demand deeper cuts from developed nations by 2020
>and only "actions" by developing nations to slow the rise of their
>emissions.
>
>"It's a real chicken and egg situation," said Angela Anderson of
>the Washington-based Pew Environment Group, with both rich and poor
>wanting the other to promise more. "It is a big divide."
>
>Developed nations say limited funds must focus on the poorest, such as in sub-Saharan Africa.
>
>But Blake said rich nations should focus on keeping past promises
>to help the developing nations, which have contributed least to
>greenhouse gas emissions since the Industrial Revolution and now need
>to burn energy to end poverty.
>
>"Nations with binding commitments have not, I repeat have not, delivered on those commitments," he said.
>
>Some nations outside Kyoto are promising to do more. South Korea
>says, for instance, that it plans to set a binding target for emissions
>and wants to act as a bridge between the developing and developed
>nations.
>
>And South Africa has laid out a scenario that could mean a peak in its greenhouse gas emissions by 2020-25.
>
>Splitting up developing nations "is going to be an issue for
>further discussions," said Harlan Watson, head of the U.S. delegation.
>
>Developing nations are unanimous in saying they cannot be expected
>to do more when the United States has no goals. Both candidates to
>succed President George W. Bush, Republican John McCain and Democrat
>Barack Obama, say they will do more.
>
>-- For Reuters latest environment blogs click on: http://blogs.reuters.com/environment/ (Editing by Diana Abdallah)
>
>=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=x=
>
>jo.
>+44 77 17 22 13 96
>http://www.changecollege.org.uk
>_________________________________________________________________
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