PART I - DISABILITY PERSPECTIVES AND DATA SOURCESConceptual Models and Classification SystemsEcological PerspectiveThe ecological perspective arose in the 1970s, but became more prevalent inthe mid-1990s in response to criticism of the impairment and functionallimitations perspectives. Like the latter perspective, the ecologicalperspective rests on three distinct disability concepts: pathology (orabnormality), impairment and disability. However, it sees disability asresulting from the interaction of impairment, activity limitations andparticipation restrictions in a specific social or physical environment suchas work, home or school.The Quebec disability production process model (processus de la productiondu handicap) was developed by a team at Université Laval in Quebec, led bysocial scientist Patrick Fougeyrollas. The Quebec model, which contributedgreatly to the review and eventual improvement of the ICIDH, rejects thelinear cause-and-effect explanation of disability. This model presentsdisability as the interaction of three kinds of factors: personal factors(age, sex and cultural identity), environmental factors (the social contextin which the person lives) and life habits (the person's daily activities).The Quebec model shifts the focus from a fixed impairment that is part of aperson's organic system to other, more changeable factors that affect thatperson's participation in society. In the Quebec model, disability dependson the environment in which a person lives and carries out daily activities.If the environment is adapted to the person, the disability can change oreven disappear.There are many variations of the social model, but all portray disability asa social construct created by ability-oriented and ability-dominatedenvironments. The social model rejects the linear causality. According tothe social model, even though impairment has an objective reality that isattached to the body or mind, disability has more to do with society'sfailure to account for the needs of persons with disabilities.The human rights model is a distinct subgroup of the social model. Itunderstands disability as a social construct. The model is primarilyconcerned with the individual's inherent dignity as a human being (andsometimes, if at all, with the individual's medical characteristics).In response to criticism leveled at the ICIDH classification system, the WHOrevised it, releasing the latest revision in May 2001 under a new name, theInternational Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).The ICF illustrated a clear shift: from describing disability, impairmentand handicap in terms of diminishment to describing body structure,functioning, activities and participation in an objective way.The general term functioning refers to all body functions, activities andparticipation while the term disability, is understood to encompass theinteraction between impairments and externally imposed activity limitationsor participation restrictions.One of the ICF's main objectives is to establish a common language forcoding a wide range of information on health and health-related conditions,including disability. This standardized language makes it easier to compareconditions across nations, disciplines and sciences. Although the ICF isstill relatively new, it has become accepted worldwide as a substantialimprovement over the ICIDH. Many disability organizations and persons withdisabilities participated in the development of the ICF.2 Saad Z. Nagi (1965). "Some conceptual issues in Disability andRehabilitation". In M. Sussman (ed.). Sociology and Rehabilitation.Washington, DC: American Sociological Association. PP. 100-13.
Patrick Fougeyrollas papers on the web:-
www.cihi.ca/cihiweb/en/downloads/Patrick%20Fougeyrollas%20-%20ICF%20in%20Surveys.pdf
www.riglobal.org/events/documents/Djerba_Fougeyrollas_ICFPaper_2007.pdf
www.ophq.gouv.qc.ca/documents/Integration-ete_2005_ang.doc
Read wikipedia information 'Ecosystem model/ecological models' link:-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_modelYou may also want to access following links:-http://www.isec2005.org.uk/isec/abstracts/papers_m/mcilroy_g.shtmlhttp://rtc.umn.edu/self/sddefinition.asphttp://ocw.jhsph.edu/courses/SocialBehavioralFoundations/PDFs/Lecture2.pdfhttps://www.haworthpress.com/store/Toc_views.asp?TOCName=J198v03n04_TOC&desc=Vol\ume%3A%203%20Issue%3A%204http://www.goldlearningcentre.com/conference1.htmlhttp://www.anzhealthpolicy.com/content/1/1/4http://informationr.net/ir/5-4/paper79.htmlhttp://mtdh.ruralinstitute.umt.edu/Publications/Model.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9\161925&dopt=Abstracthttp://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0825/is_n1_v62/ai_18562559http://www.isrl.uiuc.edu/~chip/pubs/disappearance.shtmlhttp://vaw.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/7/1/60http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_n\fpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=EJ581236&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=eric_\accno&accno=EJ581236http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2788.1997.tb00690.xhttp://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/routledg/cdso/2000/00000015/00000001/art00\009?crawler=truehttp://psy.st-andrews.ac.uk/people/personal/mc1/resources/modules/vuneralbility.\pdf
http://www.balancedweightmanagement.com/TheSocio-EcologicalModel.htmhttp://www.stepstoahealthierclarkco.org/docs/steps_sustainability.pdfhttp://www.faht.scot.nhs.uk/fifepublichealthdataset/domains.dochttp://www.preventconnect.org/wiki/index.php?title=Socio-ecological_Modelhttp://data.unaids.org/pub/Presentation/2007/understanding%20risk%20and%20behaviour%20a%20socio-ecological%20model%20%20_en.pdfhttp://www.sfph.org/papers/social_enterprise_health_improvement_oct06/Multidisciplinary%20Public%20Health%20and%20Social%20Economy.pdfhttp://www.hsc.wvu.edu/som/cmed/ophp/ppts/Bossarte%20-%20PH%20Grand%20Rounds.ppt.
Taken from following souce:--http://www.hrsdc.gc.ca/asp/gateway.asp?hr=/en/hip/odi/documents/Definitions/Def\initions003.shtml&hs=hzeColin Revell
_________________________________________________________________
Free games, great prizes - get gaming at Gamesbox.
http://www.searchgamesbox.com
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
________________End of message________________
This Disability-Research Discussion list is managed by the Centre for Disability Studies at the University of Leeds (www.leeds.ac.uk/disability-studies).
Enquiries about list administration should be sent to [log in to unmask]
Archives and tools are located at:
www.jiscmail.ac.uk/lists/disability-research.html
You can VIEW, POST, JOIN and LEAVE the list by logging in to this web page.
|