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--- Karen Wicks <[log in to unmask]> wrote:

> Does anyone have any ideas as to where I might be
> able to purchase 
> Schweingruber's (1991) Anatomy of European woods: an
> atlas for the 
> identification of European trees, shrubs and dwarf
> shrubs. Berne: Paul Haupt
> ISBN 3258042586
> 
> It's out of print and I haven't had any luck with
> Amazon.
> 
> Also, I use Lycopodium as an exotic spike in pollen
> sample preparations that 
> I purchase from Uppsala University.  I would also
> like the option of using 
> Eucalyptus.  Does anyone know where I can purchase
> Eucalyptus tablets from?
> 
> Best wishes,
> 
> Karen
> 
> Karen Wicks BSc MSc
> AFESS Enterprise Manager
> School of Human & Environmental Sciences
> The University of Reading
> Whiteknights
> PO Box 227
> Reading
> RG6 6AB
> UK
> 
> Tel: + 44 (0)118 378 7981
> Fax: + 44 (0)118 931 0279
> 
> Email: [log in to unmask]
> Web: www.afess.co.uk
> or www.shes.rdg.ac.uk
> ----- Original Message ----- 
> From: "Lisa Gray" <[log in to unmask]>
> To: <[log in to unmask]>
> Sent: Monday, November 26, 2007 9:11 AM
> Subject: Re: charring wood for comparative
> collection
> 
> 
> > Or, if its just reference material you need and
> you don't have access or
> > funds for a muffle furnace you could do what I did
> and find a local
> > charcoal burner. Mine was a woodsman colleague of
> Damian Goodburn so I new
> > I could trust his wood ids.
> >
> > Also, a good book with a description of how to
> make your own charcoal
> > burner is John Yeoman's
> > 'Self Reliance ' published in 1999 by Permanent
> Publications. I tried this
> > to char some cereals and pulses but I've not tried
> it for wood yet.
> >
> > all the best,
> >
> > Lisa
> >
> > -- 
> > Lisa Gray MSc AIFA
> > Archaeobotanist
> > 89 St John's Rd,
> > Faversham,
> > Kent,
> > ME13 8EN
> > 01795590603/ 07812028697
> > www.lisagrayarchaeobotany.co.uk
> >
> >> I agree with the muffle furnace methods mentioned
> by previous
> >> contributors. Nic
> >> also mentions an important point at the end of
> the message about 
> >> labelling
> >> or
> >> remembering which foil packet is which. If you
> are doing a lot at the
> >> same time
> >> this can be a bit tricky and labelling the foil
> doesn't necessarily
> >> work because
> >> it can discolour in the furnace. I developed a
> system of adding small
> >> metal
> >> objects to the foil packages and keeping a list
> 'one nail = x taxon, 1
> >> drawing
> >> pin = y taxon' and so on. A bit time consuming
> but effective and no 
> >> impact
> >> (that I have seen) on the charcoal either.
> >>
> >> The point about ventilation is also really
> important. I used a furnace in
> >> an
> >> underground section of a botany department. When
> I returned to check and
> >> collect my specimens 2 hours later I discovered
> the oven had been turned
> >> off
> >> and the building evacuated. Their extractor fan
> had broken and no one
> >> realised
> >> until I used it for my wood charoal. It was a bit
> embarrassing having
> >> to return
> >> to do more specimens.
> >>
> >> I also constructed my own small oven in the
> garden out of bricks. Mostly
> >> it
> >> worked very well. The danger with this is that
> there are likely to be
> >> uneven
> >> and unpredictable hot spots and it can be
> difficult to control the
> >> temperature
> >> over an extended period of time. I found some of
> my specimens had
> >> combusted
> >> completely while others were only partially
> charred. If you can I'd use a
> >> furnace.
> >>
> >> It is great fun and very satisfying making your
> own collection.
> >>
> >> Good luck
> >>
> >> Lucy
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >> Dr. L.F.Allott
> >> Archaeology South-East
> >> Units 1 & 2
> >> 2 Chapel Place
> >> Portslade
> >> East Sussex
> >> BN41 1DR
> >> Tel: +44 (0)1273 426830
> >> Fax: +44 (0)1273 420866
> >>
> >>
> >> Quoting Nic Dolby <[log in to unmask]>:
> >>
> >>> Michelle
> >>>
> >>> Like John and Jacqui, I have charred wood in a
> muffle furnace wrapped in
> >>> aluminium foil. As they have commented, very
> effective, beautiful
> >>> charcoal and usually quite smoky. A good air
> vent is essential or a
> >>> semi-open space (garage-like) perhaps.
> >>> Temperature is 400 Celsius, that I would argue
> is the standard, and
> >>> produces fully carbonised material.
> >>> Using a metal tray and clean laboratory sand is
> possible as well. Sand
> >>> can be re-used afterwards, float off remnant
> charcoal.
> >>> Material should be air dry, if green(ish),
> distortion and smoke is
> >>> greater. Also, preferred selected firewood and
> building materials are
> >>> dry.=20
> >>> I would also ask that you measure the samples
> before and after
> >>> carbonisation, weight, length, radius,
> tangential (if applicable) and
> >>> density. Why? We need more understanding of the
> dynamics of taxa in
> >>> carbonisation, etc.
> >>>
> >>> I have also made charcoal using a pipe retort.
> The incredible Rudy
> >>> Frank, tech office for Archaeology at LaTrobe
> Uni manufactured=20
> >>> a retort according to the specifications of
> Koeppen: a two inch pipe,
> >>> four inches long, capped at one end and the
> other end having a vent of a
> >>> 3/4 inch pipe, 6 inches long, pointing down at a
> 45=F8 angle, with a
> >>> container to catch the condensate underneath
> (cited in Leney & Casteel
> >>> 1975:158). The pipe was heated with a bunsen
> burner equipped with a
> >>> flared nozzle. Two modifications were made, a
> steel gauze platform
> >>> helped when taking in and out the specimen, and
> the 
=== message truncated ===



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