Thanks for that, Jacqueline. You are correct, of course. What I meant was not that performative competence in all genres was accessible to all members of a community (or even knowledge of all genres, as many were limited by gender, age, social class, occupation and so on), but that in face-to-face communities, nearly all members are bearers of some kind of folklore. More significantly, even when performance of one genre is limited to those who have the requisite knowledge, skill and authority, members of the community give immediate feedback to the performer. For example, in the performance of oral epic poetry in the Balkans, even men who do not perform these genres can distinguish an exceptional performance from an average one, and give feedback through their body postures, facial expressions, and responses to the performance.
In the area of magical practice, cunning folk whose cures were perceived as not efficacious sometimes became the targets of accusations of maleficence or witchcraft.
Sabina
---- Original message ----
>Date: Sat, 7 Jan 2006 12:11:21 +0000
>From: jacqueline simpson <[log in to unmask]>
>Subject: Re: Pop-Wicca
>To: [log in to unmask]
>
>Without in any way joining im the discussion of
>'Pop-Wicca' itself, I'd just like to refine a bit on
>Sabina's statement that 'In folk levels of culture,
>everyone is a creator/ performer and at the same time
>a consumer/ audience member'. This is perhaps true
>nowadays in our own societies, but in older
>tradition-based societies it often happened that
>certain specific forms of folk performance were the
>strictly guarded prerogative of particular groups. Not
>everyone would be entitled to recite epic poems, or
>dance the calusari dances, in the Balkans, or tell the
>long complex hero-legends and fairytales of western
>Ireland, and so forth. One had to learn the skill from
>one's elders, and eventually be accepted into the
>group as a story-teller, bard, dancer, or whatever.
>
>Just a small point ...
>
>Jacqueline
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>--- Sabina Magliocco <[log in to unmask]>
>wrote:
>
>> Hi everyone,
>>
>> I'm posting my personal reply to Pitch to the list,
>> as I hope it will help defuse / re-focus some of the
>> conversation on this topic.
>>
>> BB,
>> Sabina
>>
>> Hi Pitch,
>>
>> I'm not sure I agree with you completely about the
>> "lowbrow" nature of Wicca and Neo-Paganism. I'm
>> very uncomfortable with terms such as "highbrow,"
>> "middlebrow" and "lowbrow" to begin with, largely
>> because they are not value-neutral, and the
>> determination of what belongs to which category is
>> based more on judgement than on observable
>> characteristics.
>>
>> I would feel more comfortable writing about "elite/
>> academic," "popular" and "folk" levels of culture,
>> with the following stipulations: "elite/academic"
>> culture is characterized by formal transmission in
>> an academic setting, or one limited to paying
>> students or self-selected audiences, with a fair
>> degree of separation between the purveyors of the
>> material and the audience. Purveyors need formal
>> training and certification to pass the stuff along.
>> "Popular" culture is promulgated by the mass media,
>> and is also characterized by distance between
>> producers and consumers of the product, though the
>> authority to disseminate is based less on formal
>> certification than on access to means of production.
>> "Folk" culture, on the other hand, is characterized
>> by informal transmission in face-to-face groups, a
>> lack of distance between producers/ promulgators and
>> consumers/ audience, and a constant feedback loop
>> between the two. In folk levels of culture,
>> everyone is a creator/ performer a!
>> nd!
>> !
>> at the same time a consumer/ audience member. Each
>> member of a society can participate in any or all of
>> these levels of culture; and the categories
>> themselves are not exclusive, but feed into one
>> another constantly.
>>
>> Looking through this more nuanced lens, it appears
>> to me that Neopaganism and Wicca partake of all
>> three of these levels. The materials for much of
>> the construction of contemporary Paganisms derive
>> from academic and elite levels: literature, folklore
>> studies, historical studies, anthropology, etc. At
>> the same time, the crucible for the development of
>> rituals, praxes and worship has traditionally been
>> the coven, grove or small group of practitioners: a
>> perfect example of a folk group. At some levels,
>> Neopagan/ Witchen society functions much like a
>> traditional folk group, with dense, multi-layered,
>> overlapping networks. Because we live in a
>> market-driven, capitalist society, these movements
>> are now also promulgated by the mass media, albeit
>> in a very different context than the folk group.
>>
>> Some of our discomfort with pop-Wicca comes, I
>> believe, from the de-contextualization of practices
>> that we have experienced in the small group, but
>> which now are marketed at a mass level for
>> individual consumers to buy and imitate at will.
>> Along with this comes a distortion of certain
>> aspects of the religions as they are adapted for a
>> mass audience.
>>
>> Think of it as the same process that happens to
>> music when it moves from a small, face-to-face club
>> or coffee-house venue to a mass-marketed, giant rock
>> concert one. We're having the same arguments as
>> music fans who complain that their favorite
>> small-time band sold out and got ruined once they
>> went big-time, and that a particular category of
>> music [fill in with your fave] is no longer any good
>> now that it's gotten popular.
>>
>> Does this help shed any light on our discussion?
>>
>> BB & xo
>> Sabina
>> Sabina Magliocco
>> Associate Professor
>> Department of Anthropology
>> California State University
>> 18111 Nordhoff St.
>> Northridge, CA 91330-8244
>>
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>___________________________________________________________
>Yahoo! Exclusive Xmas Game, help Santa with his celebrity party - http://santas-christmas-party.yahoo.net/
Sabina Magliocco
Associate Professor
Department of Anthropology
California State University
18111 Nordhoff St.
Northridge, CA 91330-8244
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