>Katrina Pekar <[log in to unmask]> asked:Second and more
>importantly, I am working on a senior thesis that is looking
>at the differences between tin and lead slag. I have not been able to find
>any papers, which have lead slag bulk compositions, not single crystals. I
>would like to stay within the UK with data, but I am open to anything
>around
>the world at this time.
>
>
>
>Katrina,
>A somewhat belated reply but there are some papers with bulk slag analyses
>around. Some are:
>Lead Slags (N. Pennines and Yorkshire): M.C. Gill, J. Historical Metall.
>Soc., 20/2, pp63-78, 1986.
>Tin Slags (Cornwall): R.F. Tylcote, E. Photos & B. Earl, World
>Archaeology, 20/3, pp434-445, 1989
>
> B. Earl, J. Historical
> Metall. Soc., 20/1, pp17-32, 1986
> R.F. Tylcote, J.
> Historical Metall. Soc., 14/1, pp1-16, 1980
>
> However, the richest sources of information which represent 'good average'
> bulk samples rather than experimental or hand-picked specimens are to be
> found in the metallurgical (rather than archaeological literature).
> Percy - Metallurgy (Lead)
> has some lead slag analyses but beware some have sulphur contents others
> don't
> W. Gowland - The
> Metallurgy of the Non-Ferrous Metals, Griffin,London, 1921 has a few lead
> analyses
> H.F. Collins - The
> Metallurgy of Lead, Griffin, London, 1910 has a lot of lead slags, ores,
> mattes etc
> C. Schnabel trans. H.
> Louis - Handbook of Metallurgy, Lead, MacMillan, London, 1905 has some
> lead slag assays
> H. Louis - Metallurgy of
> Tin McGraw Hill, New York, 1911 has one or two analyses.
> P.A. Wright - Extractive
> Metallurgy of Tin, 2nd Ed, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1982 also the 1st ed.,
> 1966 has a very good discussion of the principles relating to
> slag formation.
>
> The best source of all however are the various conferences run during the
> 1960-1980s by TMS in the US, particularly the Tin-Lead-Zinc series and
> Inst Min Metall in the UK. These conference proceedings report real
> slags obtained under operating conditions. Earlier papers under the name
> of the American Institute of Metallurgical Engineers, particularly the
> Rocky Mountain Fund Volume 1936 have lots of US lead blast furnace slags.
>
> The best way of distinguishing tin from lead slags, when you are not aware
> of provenance, is by detecting the presence tin or lead or their
> compounds. Generally speaking it is extremely difficult or expensive to
> get tin slags with less that 0.3% Sn but this is combined as a silicate
> and is not always easy to detect. One easy way of removing tin from a
> slag is to smelt the slag with lead and produce an alloy which can be used
> in solder making, this leaves usually prills of lead or solder behind.
> This approach was certainly used in the late c19th by metal recyclers.
> Lead, on the other hand, is more easily reduced and often shows as tiny
> metallic prills under the SEM. However, some lead slags, particularly
> those low in bases such as Ca, Ba etc, some of which can be found on bale
> smelting sites have combined Pb as the silicate.
>
> Cornish tin slags are often alumino silicates with some iron - as you can
> find similar lead slags this is no help. On the other hand, slags with
> Ba or CaF2 are more likely to be lead than tin, although fluorides occur
> in some tin deposits. Although tin sulphide ores are known, they are not
> common and tend to volatilise so a slag with lots of sulphur is more
> likely to be a lead slag. Arsenic tends to be found with tin but rarely
> goes into the slag but might be found in Fe/As/Sn residues or inclusions.
>
>
> Please contact me off-line if you need any more information.
>
>Richard Smith
>3M UK Bracknell, B2-3N,
>Environment, Safety and Security [log in to unmask]
>Tel: 01344-858154 (Trim. 8-230-2154)
>Fax: 01344-858367 (Trim. 8-230-2367)
>
>
>
______________________________________________
Dr Peter Claughton,
Blaenpant Morfil, nr. Rosebush, Clynderwen, Pembrokeshire, Wales SA66 7RE.
Tel. 01437 532578; Fax. 01437 532921; Mobile 07831 427599
University of Exeter - School of Historical, Political and Sociological
Studies
(Centre for South Western Historical Studies)
E-mail: [log in to unmask]
Co-owner - mining-history e-mail discussion list.
See http://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/files/mining-history/ for details.
Mining History Pages - http://www.exeter.ac.uk/~pfclaugh/mhinf/
_____________________________________________
|