Just as a sidelight, and going from memory because I'm in an internet cafe in Cairns, OZ.
The first President of Finland after its independence from Russia, Oskari Tokoi, had emigrated as a youth to the USA, and had worked in the Colorado coalfields (as well as in other places) under some horrific conditions. He was, of course, a Social Democrat. He may have left the US by the time of the Ludlow Massacre.
This information comes from a biography called simply "Oskari Tokoi" which I have at home, so if anybody happens to be interested in the international aspects of the effect of historical mining labor practices on politics, I can quote chapter and verse in early July if you contact me off list.
John Berry
Automatic digest processor <[log in to unmask]> wrote:
Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2003 15:11:44 +0100
From: Keith Ramsey
Subject: Ludlow Massacre Memorial Vandalised
I have to confess that until a few days ago I hadn't heard of the massacre
at Ludlow, Colorado in 1914. Those of you familiar with coal mining in the
USA will, I'm sure, know all about it and may be interested to know that the
memorial at the site has been vandalised - for full details see the "Pueblo
Chieftain" site at
http://www.chieftain.com/display/archive/2003/may/10/ni2.htm
Information on the Ludlow massacre can be found on the United Mine Workers
of America site at
http://www.umwa.org/history/ludlow.shtml
Keith Ramsey
------------------------------
Date: Thu, 12 Jun 2003 18:52:13 +0100
From: John Mason
Subject: Re: Ludlow Massacre Memorial Vandalised
You might be interested to know that a beautiful song was written about the
incident by Woody Guthrie and recorded more recently by Scots
singer/guitarist Dick Gaughan on his ca. 1990 album, "Call it Freedom".
The lyrics of the version sung by Dick can be seen at:
www.dickalba.demon.co.uk/songs/texts/ludlow.html
Brilliant!
- and so sorry to hear of such brainless behaviour.
John
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