Dear Karel,
There are several possible explanations for low tin contents in
Bronze Age metalwork. In the earliest stages of the use of bronze
some have argued that there might be "experimental" stages in the
adoption of tin. This may well be true but unsuccessful experiments
would tend to get recycled and the evidence destroyed. Another
possibility is the use of mixed ores such as stannite or a mixture of
tin- and copper-containing minerals in the smelt. This is feasible
but I have seen little convincing evidence. Another possibility, and
I think the most likely, is that when bronze and copper circulate
together recycling will produce mixed compositions, the tin content
of which will rise with time as bronze becomes more common. If the
copper is rich enough in Ni, Sb, As, Ag to be effectively an alloy
the mixing with bronze might be deliberately controlled in order to
produce a usable metal. The most clear cut evidence for 'low' tin
contents being the result of mixing is in the Middle East, but I see
no reason why it should not apply in central Europe. Some critics
might say I am overemphasising the extent of recycling in early times
but one of the most helpful properties of copper/bronze as opposed to
stone is that failed/broken/worn out/obsolete items can be re-formed
with ease. I would be interested to hear whether this model makes
sence in the context of your colleague's cemetery.
Yours,
Peter Northover
-------------------
Dr Peter Northover
Materials Science-Based Archaeology Group,
Department of Materials,
University of Oxford,
Begbroke Business and Science Park,
Sandy Lane, Yarnton,
Oxford, OX5 1PF
Tel. 01865 283721; Fax. 01865 841943;
Mobile: 07785 501745
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