>
>>>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>------------------------------
>>>The Globe and Mail, Saturday, June 23, 2001
>>>
>>>You wouldn't wish it on a dog
>>>   In the plush precincts of Los Angeles, every household has its nanny,
>>> and every home its dog. Guess which one is better off? As DOUG SAUNDERS
>>> reports, Beverly Hills canines lounge in comfort, matching their
>>> supermodel and movie-mogul owners perk for perk. It's the human beings
>>> who clean up after them - and who care for children, make meals, tend
>>> gardens and generally keep these 21st-century lifestyles going - that
>>> are treated like animals
>>>By Doug Saunders
>>>
>>>
>>>A week in the life     The nanny     Salary: $200     Rent: $50     Food:
>>>$50     Medical: No insurance or coverage     Transportation: City
>>>bus     Amount sent home to El Salvador: $50 or more     The
>>>dog     Boarding: $490     Walking: $200     Food: $50 (incl.
>>>treats)     Medical: $25 vet fees (when healthy)     Grooming: $100 per
>>>session     Other services available: psychiatrist, masseuse, spa,
>>>antidepressants, human sleeping companions     Transportation: Car or
>>>limo     The core of our culture rests in a handful of neighbourhoods
>>>along the foothills of the Santa Monica mountains. We all know their
>>>names: Beverly Hills, Bel Air, the Hollywood Hills, Glendale, Pacific
>>>Palisades, Malibu. And we know the handiwork of their residents: Almost
>>>all of the cinema and television consumed in North America is made here,
>>>transmitting an ever-changing set of ideas about how to eat, drink,
>>>dress, fornicate and construct your private life.
>>>
>>>If you drive through these lush streets today, though, you won't see any
>>>of the wealthy residents, famous or otherwise, except through the tinted
>>>window of an occasional passing German car. On the sidewalks, you will
>>>find only two life forms: Dogs, well-bred, at the hands of professional
>>>walkers; and brown-skinned people, either men tending to gardens, pools
>>>and houses, or women strolling about with white-skinned infants between
>>>rounds of housecleaning.
>>>
>>>Dogs and domestics: These are the bit parts of prosperity. In this famous
>>>quarter of Los Angeles, there is a new domestic balance of power. Rising
>>>economic tides have delivered a high-maintenance, domineering kind of
>>>pet, and a shrinking world has created a low-cost, highly displaced kind
>>>of servant.
>>>
>>>Nanny-housekeeper wages in L.A. are so low -- $200 (U.S.) a week is
>>>fairly standard -- that the better-off nannies often employ nannies of
>>>their own. And, of course, they draw no benefits. Their bosses' dogs, on
>>>the other hand, enjoy vacations at $70-a-day dog resorts, treats bought
>>>from specialty bakeries and generous health care.
>>>
>>>According to census data, the number of gardeners and domestic workers
>>>working in Los Angeles (the North American leader for this type of work)
>>>doubled between 1980 and 1990, while the amount Americans spend to coddle
>>>and care for their pets has risen to nearly $40-billion. And while most
>>>of us have hardly begun to notice the global changes in our own lives,
>>>they are experienced profoundly by the lesser members of our households.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>     ROSA
>>>
>>>     Rosa Diaz began her week just after dawn on Tuesday morning. It has
>>> been 10 months since she made the journey from El Salvador, a struggling
>>> corner of the Third World, to Los Angeles, a florid centre of the First.
>>> Each Tuesday morning, it is as if she is making the whole trip over again.
>>>
>>>She spends her weekends in Pico-Union, a parched neighbourhood in
>>>downtown Los Angeles that looks like it has been placed in the wrong
>>>continent. Flimsy stucco buildings, no vegetation save the occasional
>>>dusty palm. Sidewalks are lined with the trappings of central America:
>>>shops selling tortillas and pupusas, communion-dress rental stores, women
>>>quietly offering fruit slices and contraband clothing, men in black
>>>cowboy hats. In the midst of this, on the third floor of a dirty pink
>>>building with small windows, Rosa awakes at 5:30 in the tidy two-room
>>>apartment she shares with three other women, only one of whom lives here
>>>all week.
>>>
>>>Rosa is 26, and she has the soft Mayan features and graceful humour
>>>common to many Salvadorans. "It's still very strange that I'm doing a job
>>>like this," she says in quiet Spanish as she waits for the bus with dozen
>>>other women. "I once thought that I would end up having a domestic
>>>worker, but now I am one."
>>>
>>>In San Salvador, her family had once been reasonably comfortable: Her
>>>father a factory supervisor, who, before his untimely death in 1996,
>>>wanted all four of his children, including his oldest daughter Rosa, to
>>>go to university. Instead, like thousands of other Central Americans
>>>ravaged by political, economic and natural disasters, she went to
>>>America. She has left behind her husband, whom she married a few months
>>>before she left; he is waiting to join her when she gets her papers (she
>>>has a good chance, since the United States allowed many Salvadoran
>>>illegals to get work visas after this year's devastating earthquake). In
>>>the 21st century, immigration is more often than not led by women, and
>>>domestic jobs have become bottom rung on the immigrant ladder.
>>>
>>>Rosa has loaded her backpack with the foods that her job doesn't offer:
>>>Salvadoran tamales, a tub of rice and vegetables fried in lard, some
>>>leftover sweet potatoes that she and her roommates made for lunch with
>>>friends on Sunday. She packs an English textbook, a Gabriel Garcia
>>>Marquez novel in English, and some magazines devoted to telenovelas,the
>>>Spanish soap operas. By 7 a.m., she will have finished the long weekly
>>>bus trip to a very different Los Angeles, just inside the imposing gates
>>>of Bel Air. Here, surrounded by a jungle of palms, bougainvilleas and
>>>bird-of-paradise plants, she waits by a coffee wagon, with a dozen other
>>>women from Guatemala, Mexico, Honduras and El Salvador, to be picked up
>>>by her employer for her week's stay.
>>>
>>>   CUSTER
>>>
>>>     Custer's day begins at 7 a.m. sharp, when he and the other dogs are
>>> awakened in their wide, comfortable private pens. Gradually, they
>>> saunter into a grassy yard, to the sound of a bubbling fountain, for
>>> their morning constitutional. There is a koi pond nearby, teeming with
>>> the colourful Japanese fish, and carefully tended flower beds. Dogs are
>>> not usually too fussy about scenery, but you can tell they are mellowed
>>> by the shady landscaping and rolling valleys here in the Malibu Hills. A
>>> few sprawling villas pepper the skyline, and a lot of grassy, open
>>> space, filled with horse-riding trails and wilderness.
>>>
>>>Custer is a golden retriever, one of two owned by Jay Wolpert, a
>>>successful Hollywood screenwriter. While Wolpert is away, Custer and his
>>>fellow retriever Locksley stay here at the Canyon View Ranch, a canine
>>>spa, boarding retreat and training centre that advertises itself as "a
>>>country club for dogs."
>>>
>>>Its owners, Joe Timko and Randy Porter, were TV-industry figures who
>>>developed a ken for dog training, and a desire for better canine
>>>services. To stay at Canyon View and receive its training sessions,
>>>owners of dogs like Custer pay $70 a day, or almost $500 a week.
>>>
>>>"There was nothing like this available, and people had to put their dogs
>>>in noisy places in industrial neighbourhoods," Timko says. "Now, people
>>>are trying to copy it, but they're not coming close."
>>>
>>>When Custer is at home, in the Hollywood Hills, his life is at the centre
>>>of the household's activities: meals of gourmet dog food tailored to his
>>>delicate digestive system, daily drives along Mulholland Drive to the
>>>Laurel Canyon dog park, where the show-business elite give their pets
>>>long walks through stunning scenery, often after dressing them in the
>>>city's latest dog fashions and grooming them, at considerable expense, at
>>>one of the exclusive parlours along Santa Monica Boulevard's dog-care
>>>strip. Whenever Wolpert, 59, leaves town for business or vacation, he
>>>first makes the hour-long drive deep into the hills to drop off the dogs.
>>>
>>>Many of Custer's playmates at Canyon View are dogs belonging to show-biz
>>>owners, who have led the way in bettering their pets' lives. Custer has
>>>probably met Daisy, the Jack Russell terrier belonging to the singer Lou
>>>Rawls, and the bouvier des flandres belonging to the actor Christopher
>>>Lloyd, who has his dogs picked up and dropped off in a liveried stretch
>>>limo.
>>>
>>>Hollywood figures like to drop by the spa to see the dogs cavorting in
>>>plush surroundings. Nobody seems bothered by the price. "It's like
>>>getting your kid into a private school," says the comedian Sinbad, whose
>>>two pugs are regular guests.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>     ROSA
>>>
>>>     Rosa is a live-in domestic worker, although her employers don't call
>>> her that -- like most people with nannies, they wouldn't think of
>>> themselves as employers. Most wealthy people don't consider themselves
>>> members of the upper class, and don't like to think of servants as
>>> servants. She is simply "Rosa, who takes care of the kids," or "the girl
>>> who cleans the house."
>>>
>>>Five days a week, Tuesday to Saturday, Rosa lives in the back bedroom of
>>>a five-bedroom Cape Cod-style house belonging to a television executive
>>>and his wife, where she does almost all the cleaning and other chores;
>>>feeds, bathes and takes care of the daughters, aged 2 and 3; and keeps an
>>>eye on the 11-year-old son. The hours are very long, from just after
>>>dawn, when the girls awake and the parents leave, to late evening, when
>>>she is expected to put the kids to bed and monitor them through the night
>>>when the parents are away, as they often are.
>>>
>>>For this, Rosa is paid $225 a week, up from the $200 she made until
>>>March. This is a middling, industry-standard wage in Los Angeles: A few
>>>lucky live-ins make as much as $450 or $500 (if they speak English, have
>>>immigration papers or own a car), while at least two of the women on
>>>Rosa's bus were making $150 a week, a rate that can be found advertised
>>>most weeks in the Los Angeles Times. Rosa knows women who started last
>>>year at $80 to $100 a week, rates often paid by other Latin Americans who
>>>know how desperate their compatriots can be. And even lower salaries have
>>>been reported, since there are no longer any real standards for domestic
>>>pay.
>>>
>>>"When you first get here, it sounds like good money," she says. "You have
>>>no idea, because even $50 a week would be a very good salary back at
>>>home. So you take what you can find." Like most women, she got her job
>>>through word-of-mouth contacts, rather than through an agency. Although
>>>there are officially labour regulations and a minimum wage, they are
>>>almost never observed, as domestic bosses don't realize labour law
>>>applies to them.
>>>
>>>Rosa's wages supposedly include room and board, but this means little:
>>>Few houses in L.A., or most modern cities, have separate, private
>>>servant's quarters. A separate bathroom (which Rosa has) is common, but
>>>kitchens must be shared with the employer family -- usually an awkward
>>>situation. Adequate food is rarely provided, and, of course, these
>>>live-ins usually have to pay rent for their weekend quarters. (Rosa's
>>>share of her rent is $200 a month.)
>>>
>>>The current wages provide a bare subsistence living, and most domestics,
>>>including Rosa, send hundreds of dollars a month back home. These
>>>remittances from U.S. emigres, known as migra-dollars, currently total
>>>more than $2-billion annually, making them El Salvador's leading form of
>>>foreign aid.
>>>
>>>Troubles in Central America and Mexico have driven down the cost of
>>>domestic labour dramatically, to the point that even Americans who
>>>consider themselves far from wealthy can afford live-in servants. Los
>>>Angeles, the major entry-point city of English North America, is in the
>>>forefront here. Observers say that it isn't uncommon nowadays for factory
>>>workers in L.A. to have live-in nanny-housecleaners; people in small L.A.
>>>apartments often have live-ins, who in some cases share a bedroom with
>>>the children.
>>>
>>>And, in a telling development, it is now possible to find better-paid
>>>nannies who have their own live-in nannies, because it is almost
>>>impossible to take care of others' children while raising your own.
>>>
>>>Last week, the non-profit Human Rights Watch released a study, titled
>>>Hidden in the Home, of the domestic workers who are brought into the
>>>United States on special visas for diplomatic employees. Their median
>>>wage, it found, is $2.14 an hour, and their median workday is 14 hours
>>>long. And this is a better-off class of nanny. Very few of the 80,000 to
>>>100,000 live-in domestics in Los Angeles, including Rosa, have
>>>citizenship papers. The only people you'll find with fully legal
>>>domestics here are those who think they might run for public office some
>>>day.
>>>
>>>   CUSTER
>>>
>>>     After his morning meal, Custer is led out to the ranch's main
>>> training-and-play yard, for a series of activities the dogs clearly look
>>> forward to. An employee is paid to work in the play area all day and
>>> keep the dogs entertained by throwing balls and hosting games. In small
>>> groups or individually, the dogs are led out for intensive training
>>> sessions lasting 20 to 45 minutes, twice a day.
>>>
>>>At the centre of the yard is Canyon View's most famous feature, the
>>>bone-shaped in-ground swimming pool, in which the dogs eagerly romp. A
>>>bone-shaped fountain sits next to it. Up on a hill is an elaborate play
>>>structure, which the older dogs shade themselves beneath; a nearby tree
>>>is rigged to provide a fine mist of cool water, to cool down play-heated
>>>dogs. It is a delightful scene of canine happiness, free from barks and
>>>boredom.
>>>
>>>The dogs must first pass a consultation session, and demonstrate their
>>>sociability with other dogs. After all, this isn't for everyone.
>>>
>>>"They really do lead pretty good lives," Wolpert says of his retrievers.
>>>"It costs a little more, but it means that when we go away we can truly
>>>have a vacation without guilt. Just ask the dogs -- you can tell how
>>>excited they are when they come here."
>>>
>>>   ROSA
>>>
>>>     By mid-afternoon, Rosa has slipped into her usual sense of numbing
>>> tedium. The girls are asleep, the mess is under control, and she has
>>> nothing to do but wait. When the girls were awake, she took them to a
>>> park, where she could talk with fellow Latina women, but most of the
>>> time she is out of contact with other adults.
>>>
>>>It will get worse when the parents arrive home tonight, and Rosa is
>>>expected to disappear into the background. Although the mother speaks
>>>passable Spanish, they have never engaged in conversation, beyond
>>>staccato commands. Like most domestics, she is never invited to eat with
>>>the family. "I think they're embarrassed that I'm here," she says.
>>>
>>>"You're inside and you're enclosed. It gives you a desperate feeling,"
>>>says Meruim, 25, a fellow Salvadoran who lives in Rosa's neighbourhood.
>>>Meruim worked as a live-in last year for $200 a week before escaping to
>>>the more lucrative and sociable world of contract house-cleaning, where
>>>she works for a women-run cooperative. "This is harder work, but at least
>>>I get to spend time with other people, and go home at night," she says.
>>>
>>>Meruim found her live-in job especially depressing because she has a
>>>university degree in public administration from San Salvador, but her
>>>employers refused to speak to her in anything but the most perfunctory
>>>and patronizing tones. A great many domestic workers today have at least
>>>some postsecondary education, an indication of the enormous chasm of
>>>opportunity between first- and third-world economies.
>>>
>>>"This is part of a new worldwide pattern: women who are from relatively
>>>educated, if not affluent, backgrounds, often with their own domestic
>>>workers, who find themselves in poverty and working as domestics
>>>themselves," says Pierette Hondagneu-Sotelo, a sociology professor at the
>>>University of Southern California. She has just published Domestica, a
>>>major study of domestic workers in the better-off communities of L.A. She
>>>interviewed and surveyed 221 women working in houses, and her research
>>>was no doubt aided by her own background: Her mother was a Chilean emigré
>>>who worked as a household servant, and she herself, as an L.A.
>>>professional, has employed Latin American nannies and housekeepers.
>>>
>>>Despite this experience, she was shocked to find that the No. 1 complaint
>>>among domestics is not that they are denied a minimum wage and benefits,
>>>but that they aren't treated like members of the family. In good measure,
>>>this is because the new generation of domestics tend to be relatively
>>>educated women with aspirations of their own, who want to think of
>>>themselves as not servants but equals.
>>>
>>>"In one sense, the women won't change -- it's a situation where you have
>>>employers who don't identify as employers, and many women who do this
>>>work don't identify themselves as employees. I had not set out to find
>>>that. It ran contrary to what I believed," she says.
>>>
>>>The North American myth of a classless society has made the
>>>master-servant relationship awkward and cold. Both parties would rather
>>>the grim disparity did not exist, and live in a constant state of denial,
>>>unable to either bridge the gap or formalize it.
>>>
>>>One of the nannies interviewed by Hondagneu-Sotelo is Mirabel Centeno, a
>>>Guatemalan woman who began working as a live-in in 1989, cleaning a
>>>23-room house for $80 a week. On her first day in the house, she noticed
>>>the Beethoven the senora had on her CD player. "They had Richard
>>>Clayderman on and I recognized it, and when I said that, she stopped in
>>>her tracks, her jaw fell open, and she just stared at me," Centeno
>>>remembers. But the employer did not discuss it, and never mentioned music
>>>again. Apparently, it just did not compute.
>>>
>>>Thirty-five years ago, almost all the women working as domestics would
>>>have been black, riding buses in from L.A.'s southern neighbourhoods. The
>>>civil-rights movement put a quick end to that: By the mid-1970s, no
>>>self-respecting African-American woman would allow her daughter to become
>>>a servant, even if it paid more than other jobs. The price of household
>>>labour shot upward, giving rise to a key cliche of the era: "It's hard to
>>>find good help these days."
>>>
>>>That plaint was answered in the early 1980s, with the collapse of the
>>>Mexican economy. The Latin-American domestic tidal wave began. Between
>>>1970 and 1990, the percentage of black women working as domestics fell
>>>from 35 per cent to four per cent, while Latin-American women increased
>>>their representation in this business from 9 per cent to 68 per cent.
>>>
>>>By the end of the 1990s, though, many Mexican women had followed in black
>>>mothers' footsteps, and made sure their daughters would never work in
>>>someone's house. "When you ride the buses, you never meet domestics from
>>>East L.A. [the established Mexican-American barrio]. People who live
>>>there just don't do that work any more," says Anayansi Prado, who is
>>>directing a documentary, Maid in America,about the lives of domestics.
>>>Today, fewer than half of domestic workers, by most estimates, are Mexican.
>>>
>>>Central Americans have taken over the "good help" role, expanding the
>>>popularity of household servants to levels not seen in 50 years, but just
>>>ask them if they intend to keep playing the part. "Are you kidding? If
>>>I'm still doing this job when I'm 30, I'd rather go jump in front of this
>>>bus," says Rosa. She hopes to get more education, find a better-paying
>>>job that lets her go home at night, and raise children of her own, who
>>>will certainly not do household work.
>>>
>>>"None of the Latina immigrants I interviewed had aspired to the job, none
>>>want their daughters to do it, and the younger ones hope to leave the
>>>occupation altogether in a few years," Hondagneu-Sotelo says. "They do
>>>take pride in their work, and they are extremely proud of what their
>>>earnings enable them to accomplish for their families. Yet they are not
>>>proud to be domestic workers."
>>>
>>>   CUSTER
>>>
>>>     At 5, after an afternoon of training and play interrupted by
>>> cool-down breaks in an air-conditioned room, Custer and the rest of the
>>> dogs are led inside for their evening meal. This is no simple ritual.
>>> The standard Canyon Ranch diet is top-of-the-line dog food, containing
>>> only lamb and rice, but few of the clients stick to the standard.
>>>
>>>"We get every kind of special food request you can imagine, and then
>>>some," says Timko. "We get vegetarian diets, and raw foods [a dietary
>>>movement in which people, and apparently their pets, eat only uncooked
>>>fruits and vegetables], and we get up to six supplements at a time that
>>>have to be crushed and mixed up and blended. And some people want the
>>>food heated up." Or garnished with the latest pet-food fad -- dog gravy.
>>>
>>>Custer and Locksley are no exception. "The joy of golden retrievers is
>>>their wonderful personalities, but the downside is that they are known
>>>for their sensitive stomachs," says Wolpert. "We have them on a special
>>>diet, and it costs us a pretty penny."
>>>
>>>After dinner, sated with food and exhausted from a day of happy play, the
>>>retrievers are ushered into their private pens, given freshly laundered
>>>towels and blankets, and given another night of quiet sleep. Canyon View
>>>Ranch eschews some of the gimmicks of other luxury dog services -- humans
>>>paid to share a bed with company-starved dogs; video-screening sessions
>>>for the animals -- but it does offer a standard of habitation that would
>>>satisfy many humans.
>>>
>>>Americans spend $29-billion annually on goods and services for their
>>>pets, not including veterinarian bills, which make up an additional
>>>$11-billion. These numbers have risen steeply in recent years, driven by
>>>the expanding range of treats, toys and plush services people are willing
>>>to buy, and by an increasingly anthropomorphic attitude toward domestic
>>>animals.
>>>
>>>Wolpert concedes that he spends lavishly on his dogs, but he is far from
>>>dog-centred by current L.A. standards. Aside from the Canyon View
>>>extravagance and the diet, his dogs' indulgences are limited to monthly
>>>trips to U-Wash Doggie in Hollywood (about $40 for a luxurious,
>>>self-administered wash), and to medical expenses that would be the envy
>>>of many American citizens -- up to $100 a month, even when the dogs are
>>>healthy.
>>>
>>>There is plenty more he could spend his money on: A sudden emergence of
>>>dog bakeries, offering biscotti and bagels in canine flavours;
>>>psychiatric services, complete with pet-antidepressant prescriptions;
>>>massage and aromatherapy services that would please a non-fur-covered
>>>supermodel, and that old L.A. favourite, the deluxe dog burial plot. Most
>>>of these extravagances have spread to other cities, including in Canada:
>>>Almost everywhere in North America, it seems, people have more money to
>>>spend on their household friends, if not on household help.
>>>
>>>   ROSA
>>>
>>>     As she rides the bus, Rosa pulls out photos of the girls she cares
>>> for. Unlike the older son, whom she sees mostly as a mess-creating
>>> nuisance, she speaks of the girls as if she were their mother,
>>> delighting in a new word or facial expression, first steps, reactions to
>>> new and undiscovered foods (last week, it was the thrill of the mango).
>>>
>>>"I really hope I see these girls when they are older, because they are
>>>like my children now," she says. "I will have to move to a better job in
>>>a year or two, but I don't want to lose the girls. I love them. Not the
>>>house, but the children."
>>>
>>>Here is the terrible dilemma of today's domestic work: It is too
>>>degrading and ill-paying to be a lifelong career for a literate young
>>>woman; on the other hand, it can create emotional bonds like no other
>>>job. They are false, of course, and when the job ends they are severed
>>>forever: Many L.A. residents are horrified when their children throw
>>>tantrums over the loss of a former nanny, especially if they are
>>>inexplicably fluent in Spanish and demanding carné asada for lunch. Few
>>>consider how this must feel for the departed Central American woman.
>>>
>>>"This is especially tough for women taking care of young children -- they
>>>express a longing," says Hondagneu-Sotelo. "The biggest complaint I hear
>>>by far is that they never get to see the children again."
>>>
>>>For Rosa, the transition will require a certain cold-heartedness. "When
>>>my husband is here, I want to stop doing this work. I will do different
>>>work, and go to school. I will have to say goodbye to the girls, and that
>>>will be sad." She looks resigned, and puts away the pictures.
>>>
>>>Across the aisle, another Central American woman pulls out a copy of the
>>>Los Angeles Times. On the cover, as usual, is a story about the trial of
>>>a California man charged with killing a woman's small white dog in an act
>>>of road rage. The crime galvanized the community, after $175,000 was
>>>raised to find the dog's killer. For weeks, front-page stories have
>>>decried the abuse of animals.
>>>
>>>A day before, the Human Rights Watch report had been released, decrying
>>>the widespread physical abuse and economic mistreatment of thousands of
>>>domestic workers in diplomatic households. Rosa would not have seen the
>>>story, though -- it did not appear in any of the Los Angeles papers.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>------------------------------
>>>
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>>>Copyright 2001 | Globe Interactive, a division of Bell Globemedia
>>>Publishing Inc.
>>
>>Dept. of Geography
>>Simon Fraser University
>>8888 University Dr.
>>Burnaby BC V5A 1S6
>>Canada
>>tel 604-291-5464
>>
>
>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
>Department of Geography
>Simon Fraser University
>8888 University Dr.
>Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada
>Phone 604-291-5464 Fax 604-291-5841
>www.sfu.ca/~hyndman
>

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Nick  Blomley

Associate Professor
Department of Geography
Simon Fraser University
Burnaby, B.C. V5A 1S6,
CANADA

(604) 291-3713 (tel)
(604) 291-5841 (fax)
[log in to unmask] (email)
http://www.sfu.ca/geography/faculty/blomley.htm