Dear All
Some references of relevance to observational drawing - my 'top twenty', in
alphabetical order. I hope these might be of interest to others:
Arnheim, Rudolf (1964). Art and Visual Perception: a psychology of the
creative eye. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Beittel, K. (1972). Mind and Context in the Art of Drawing. New York: Holt,
Rinehart, and Winston.
(Descriptions of studio-based research in still-life drawing. Examination
of different 'strategies' used by artists.)
Burton, Edward (1997). Artificial Innocence: Interactions between the Study
of Children's Drawing and Artificial Intelligence. Leonardo. vol 30, 301-309.
(Burton's computer program, based on his research into children's drawing,
produces drawings from 3d computer models, which are uncannily like young
children's actual drawings.)
Cohen, Dale J. Bennett, S. (1997). Why Can't Most People Draw What They
See? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance.
vol 23, 609-621.
(Study of inaccuracies in drawing, and the reasons for them.)
Costall, Alan (1993). Beyond linear perspective: a cubist manifesto for
visual science. Image and Vision Computing. vol 11, 334-341.
Ericsson, K. A., & Simon, H. A. (1993). Protocol Analysis: Verbal Reports
as Data (Revised Edition). Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
(Invaluable for anyone thinking of setting up a studio-based experiment.)
Fish, J., & Scrivener, S. (1990). Amplifying the mind's eye: Sketching and
Visual Cognition. Leonardo. vol 23, 117-126.
(Cognitive account of how/why ambiguity in sketching is so important - the
ideas are further developed in: Fish, Jonathan C. (1996). How Sketches
Work: A cognitive theory for improved system design. Loughborough, UK:
Loughborough University of Technology.)
Gombrich, E. H. (1995). Art and Illusion: A study in the psychology of
pictorial representation. 5th edn. London: Phaidon.
Kemp, M. (1990). The Science of Art: Optical theories in Western Art from
Brunelleschi to Seurat. New Haven, CT: Yale.
(Another classic.)
Lange-Küttner, C., & Thomas, G. V. (1995). Drawing and looking :
theoretical approaches to pictorial representation in children. New York:
Harvester Wheatsheaf.
(Essential for anyone interested in children's drawing.)
Marr, D. (1982). Vision: A Computational Investigation into the Human
Representation and Processing of Visual Information. San Francisco, USA: W.
H. Freeman and Company.
(If you've ever wondered what a 'primal sketch' or a '2½ sketch are', it's
here in David Marr's higly influential theory of early visual processing.)
Miall, R. D. & Tchalenko, J. (2001). A Painter's Eye movements: A Study of
Eye and Hand Movement during Portrait Drawing. Leonardo. vol 34, 35-40.
(Fascinating research into artist's eye movments during observational
drawing.)
Pinker, Steven (1998). How the Mind Works. New York: William Morrow.
(Nothing about drawing. But brilliant (and readable) if you want to know
more about visual cognition.)
Mottram, J., & Whale, G. (eds). (2000). Drawing Across Boundaries.
(Symposium Proceedings on CD). Loughborough: Loughborough University School
of Art & Design.
(Proceedings of the conference that Judith organized here in 1998.)
Rawson, Philip (1969). Drawing: The Appreciation of the arts. London, New
York: Oxford University Press.
(Essential reading.)
Schön, Donald A. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: How professionals
think in action. New York: Basic Books.
Steer, J. (1989, Mar). Art History and Direct Perception: A general view.
Art history. vol 12, 93-108.
(Re-examination of some pictures in the light of Gibson's ecological theory
of perception.)
Van Sommers, Peter (1984). Drawing and cognition: Descriptive and
experimental studies of graphic production processes. Cambridge, UK:
Cambridge University Press.
Willats, John (1997). Art and Representation: New Principles in the
Analysis of Pictures. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
(Classification of drawing systems and denotation systems; accounts of
relevant research.)
Yarbus, A. (1967). Eye Movements and Vision. New York: Plenum Press.
(Classic study of eye movements.)
Also, has anybody come across any of these? I've a feeling they may be
important:
Robson, William (1799). Grammigraphia, or, The Grammar of Drawing.
Roth, I. & Frisby, J. (?). Perception and Representation. Buckingham: Open
University Press.
Thistlewood, D. (ed.). (1992). Drawing Research and Development. Harlow,
Essex: Longman.
George Whale.
http://www.lboro.ac.uk/departments/ac/ad/htmlpages/staff/gwhale.html
George Whale
Research Associate
Loughborough University School of Art & Design (LUSAD)
Loughborough
Leicestershire
LE11 3TU
UK
Tel: +44 (0)1509 228967
Mobile: 07944 751088
Fax: +44 (0)1509 228902
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