The dividing line is whether the product can be used directly in its as-dug
form or whether it needs some process other than sizing or shaping to
release the value.
For example, the extraction of coal is always included in mining, indeed
this is logical when we remember that, as unburnt coal, it is of little use.
So, open cast mining (for coal) is mining, as is open pit copper or indeed
any other mineral.
Quarrying is the process of extracting stone,etc, which is used without
further processing apart from shaping and/or sizing.
The dividing line is whether the product is used "as is" or whether it has
to be processed in some way to extract value. It doesn't matter how you
extract it, it's what you need to do to it to extract the value.
I hope that clarifies the issue.
Martin Potts
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