_ _ _ _ _ _ _ / _ _ / / / / / / \ / / / / / / / / / \ / / / /_ _ / / - -/ / / /\\ / / / /_ _/ / /- - / / / / \ / / / / / / / / / / \/ / / /_ _ / / / / / / \ / /_ _ _/ /_/ /_/ / / \/ Economic History Newsletter (c.) Date: April 1994 Number: 6. =================================================== Index 1. Editorial 2. Conference Report 3. Work in Progress 4. Conference on Aging 5. Network Services 6. Upcoming Events 7. Job Market 8. Questions and Suggestions =================================================== Editors: Alejandra Irigoin, Sylvia Schwaag, Goetz von Thadden. ------------------------------------------------------- | | | 1. Editorial | | | ------------------------------------------------------- Dear Economic Historian, This is the sixth issue of our newsletter now. It has not changed its form since the last one although we lack a leading article this time. We invite volunteers for the next issue who are willing to keep their deadlines. We also invite people to intro- duce their respective economic history department and/or the economic history journal that is issued there. As from the next issue we would like to start a new service introducing archives. We invite contributions from researchers who have worked in archives as the League of Nations, United Nations, Central Banks, Public Record Offices etc. We would be interested to know the exact addresses of the institution, the way to get access to the material, catalogues, photocopy facil- ities, what can be expected to be found, etc. We hope you find the newsletter useful. Please send critique and contributions to the network. If you want to leave the list in consequence of the latest EHN, this is the way to do it: send a message to MAILBASE@MAILBASE.AC.UK and print on an empty line UNSUBSCRIBE HISTORY-ECON. (It works for all others as well.) The Editors P.S. Back issues of EHN can be obtained by sending a message to MAILBASE@MAILBASE.AC.UK and print on an empty line GET HISTORY- ECON EHN1.TXT. (It is the same way for EHN2 -EHN5) ------------------------------------------------------ | | | 2. Conference Report | | | ------------------------------------------------------ Report on the Economic History Society Conference, held in Nottingham on the 8-10 April 1993 by Francesca Carnevali. The conference opened on Friday with the four parallel sessions dedicated to the New Researchers' papers. Papers were given covering most periods, from Medieval to Contemporary, and many topics, from the "Origins of the Manor in Danelaw" to "The effects of banking regulation in Spain between 1930 to 1970". Comparative papers were presented and the perspective of research is becoming more European. On Saturday morning more parallel sessions were run and the one to provoke the most fervid discussion was that entitled "Towards a New History of the Industrial Revolution", in which Jane Humphries discussed the need to bring women's history into the mainstream debate about economic growth and how this can be done. The other papers presented during the course of the morning ranged from the social meaning of medieval buildings to the issue of ethnicity and the enterprise. During the afternoon a group of hardy economic historians ven- tured into Nottingham, defying sleet and torrential rain, in search of Robin Hood and Nottingham Castle...while the rest stayed indoors to listen to papers on new approaches to imperial- ism. Sunday morning was dedicated to two sessions, one on F.J. Fisher and the dialectic of economic history in one room and one to British industrial relations since 1945. After coffee we attended the Tawney Memorial Lecture given, this year, by Prof. Nick Crafts on the subject of the golden age of economic growth in Western Europe, 1950-1973. With much skill and humour the audience was presented with the dictums new growth theory and how this theory can be used to explain patterns of convergence. Conference to be advertised: "Women, Gender and the Atlantic Economy", 12 November 1994, Institue of Historial Research, London. Those interested in giving papers should contact Dr. Maxine Berg, History Dept., University of Warwick. ------------------------------------------------------ | | | 3. Work in Progress | | | ------------------------------------------------------ MIGRATION AND CONVERGENCE, 1870-1910 ALAN M. TAYLOR (NORTHWESTERN) JEFFREY G. WILLIAMSON (HARVARD) We are examining the question of migration and convergence 1870-1910 using a panel data set on real wages and incomes for Old and New World countries. One vital parameter for our empirical analysis is an estimate of labor's share of national income in each of the countries in our sample (total factor share in income, or wage bill divided by national income; WL/Y, if you will). Ideal sources might be cross-country comparisons of economic structure or comparative growth-accounting studies; but there may be other specific sources for certain countries which we ought to examine. This applies with special force to any recently revised estimates. Our sample countries (17) are as follows: Argentina Australia Brazil Canada U.S.A. Belgium Denmark France Germany Gt.Britain Ireland Italy Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Sweden We welcome suggestions, sources, data, or advice; please contact: Alan M. Taylor Jeffrey G. Williamson Department of Economics Department of Economics Northwestern University Harvard University 2003 Sheridan Road Littauer 216 Evanston, IL 60208-2600 Cambridge, MA 02138 Tel: 708-491-8234 Tel: 617-495-2438 Fax: 708-491-7001 Fax: 617-495-7730 E-mail: amt@nwu.edu E-mail: jwilliam@husc.harvard.edu -------------------------------------------------------- | | | 4. Conference on Aging | | | -------------------------------------------------------- I am at the very early stages of planning a one day conference concerning the welfare consequences of demographic ageing in (i) western, (ii) transitional (ie ex-communist) and (iii) developing economies. The vague idea would be to compare and contrast their past experiences and future challenges on the basis of the following generalisations: In (i) Demographic ageing in an established phenomenon, which has been accomodated by the development of national insurance and assistance systems, involving both the public and private sec- tors. Many of these are more than creaking at the seams and will be hard pressed to provide for the next generations of elderly. How can this challenge be met? In (ii) the elderly were traditionally provided by universal public sector pension programmes. In recent years, the collapse of the centrally-planned economy amid escalating inflation and cut-backs in state spending have had a disproportionate effect on the elderly. How are they coping? In (iii) rapid demographic demographic ageing has only begun to occur very recently. However, projections for countries such as Brazil and India show dramatic increases in the proportion of elderly over the next two or so decades. Is this new challenge being planned for? Can lessons be drawn from the experiences of (i) and (ii)? Is anybody interested in any of these issues? I'm particularly keen to get in touch with people with a particular interest in the economic consequences of ageing in developing regions, either from a historical or a contemporary perspective. Please get in touch with me (Peter Lloyd-Sherlock) at the Depart- ment of Economic History, London School of Economics, Houghton St, London, WC1A 2AE, United Kingdom or via e-mail c/o the owners of The Economic History Newsletter. ------------------------------------------------------ | | | 5. Network Services | | | ------------------------------------------------------ -I- (We are including this message that was circulated last month for new members) ======================================= *BRAUDEL PAPERS AVAILABLE VIA H-LATAM GOPHER ======================================= *Braudel Papers*, the bi-monthly publication of research and opinion of the Fernand Braudel Institute of World Economics in Sao Paulo, Brazil, is now available in English editions via the H-Latam gopher system. Each issue of *Braudel Papers* contains a major essay and related commentary. Recent issues, now available through the H-Latam gopher, include: No. 1- "Politics and Markets." A dialogue on economic reform in Brazil and Russia between Professor JEFFREY SACHS, a founding member of the Fernand Braudel Institute of World Economics, and NORMAN GALL, the Institute's executive director and editor of *Braudel Papers*. No. 2-"Brazilian Federalism and Inflation." Features an article by Professor ASPASIA CAMARGO, president of IPEA (the Brazilian government's economic research institute), drawn from a book written for the Fernand Braudel Institute on structural imbalances in Brazil's political system. Other contributors include MAILSON DE NOBREGA, former Brazilian Finance Minister, and JUAN DE ONIS, Latin American correspondent for the New York Times. No.3-"The Brazilian Concept of Money." This issue, which investigates the fiscal and monetary policies which have led to the present inflationary crisis, features work by Professor CELSO MARTONE, as well as Professor THOMAS SARGENT's "Letter to Another Brazilian Finance Minister." ------------------------------------------------------ TO CONNECT TO *BRAUDEL PAPERS* ON H-LATAM: 1.-Telnet to the gopher site nearest to you. Suggestions: Australia: info.anu.edu.au Colombia: tolten.puc.cl Ecuador: ecnet.ec Sweden: gopher.chalmers.se U.S.A.: consultant.micro.umn.edu U.S.A.: ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (login: gopher) U.S.A.: panda.uiowa.edu (login: panda) 2.-At the login prompt type gopher (unless specified otherwise) and the top-level Gopher menu for that site will be displayed. 3.-Go to Other Sites: North America: United States: Illinois: University of Illinois--Chicago: The Researcher: History: H-net: H-Latam. 4.-For those who have trouble getting through, try telnetting directly to the University of Illinois at Chicago (ux1.cso.uiuc.edu). ------------------------------------------------------ The index of available texts will be updated with each new edition. Hard copies of *Braudel Papers* are available by subscription through the Fernand Braudel Institute of World Economics. For further information about the Fernand Braudel Institute of World Economics or *Braudel Papers*, please contact: Matthew Taylor, Coordinator Fernand Braudel Institute of World Economics Rua Ceara 2 * 01243-010 Higienopolis * Sao Paulo, Brazil Phone: (55-11)824-9633 * Fax:(55-11)825-2637 Email: IFBEM@FPSP.FAPESP.BR -II- ================================= New e-mail list on social theory: ================================= LIST DETAILS The social theory network aims to provide a forum for the dis- cussion of issues relating to social theory within the social sciences with particular reference to the relationship between psychological and sociological explanations of the human condi- tion. Special emphasis is placed upon issues relating to the relationship between the individual and social processes in terms of both empirical investigations of this phenomena and related theoretical issues. TIA, Dave Nightingale ______________________________________________________________ David Nightingale School of Human and Health Sciences The University of Huddersfield Voice: (0484) 422288 ext 2461 Queensgate Fax: (0484) 472794 Huddersfield HD1 3DH (UK) Email: D.J.Nightingale@hud.ac.uk All theory, dear friend, is grey, but the golden tree of actual life springs ever green. Goethe -III- ============================= About NetEc, BibEc and WoPEc: ============================= 0. How can I obtain the most recent version of this file? Write to the editor of NetEc, whose address is NetEc@uts.mcc.ac.uk. A human shall respond. 1. What is NetEc? NetEc is a term that unites a number of projects for networking interaction in academic Economics. At the time of writing, there are two projects called BibEc and WoPEc. They aim to improve the communication of new research results in Economics via electronic media. Traditionally, new research results have been published in paper documents called ``working papers'' or ``discussion papers''. The aim of BibEc is to enhance the awareness of these papers in the academic community by establishing means to announce the publication of new papers via electronic media. The aim of WoPEc is to build a collection of electronic working papers in postscript format, for free retrieval by anybody with internet access. 2. Who is involved in NetEc? NetEc is an academic project without a formal management struc- ture. This is a (non-exhaustive) list of friends and contri- butors: Hans M. Amman (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), Chris Chatfield (University of California at San Diego), Daniel Feen- berg (National Bureau of Economic Research), Geoff Lane (Manches- ter Computing Centre), Grace Katagiri (University of California at Berkeley), Jon P. Knight (Loughborough University of Technol- ogy), Thomas Krichel (University of Surrey), Fethy Mili (Univer- site de Montreal), Diane Mogren (Federal Reserve Bank of Cleve- land), Diane Rosenberger (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco), Rob Trevor (Australian Graduate School of Management), Stephen Yeo (Centre for Economic Policy Research). 3. How does BibEc function? It consists in the collection of information about printed working papers and its publication via electronic media. The information about new printed papers can come from two types of sources. First a library or documentation centre that collects printed working papers may forward its list of acquisitions to the BibEc editor. The editor will put the information into a standard format, the BibEc format. Secondly, individual pub- lishers of papers, for example Economics departments that run a discussion paper series, are invited to send bibliographical data about their recent output to NetEc. In that case they should make sure that their announcements conform to the BibEc format. All information is stored on a gopher server, recent information is also circulated on a mailing list. 4. How can I announce the papers of my institution on BibEc? There are currently two input channels for BibEc. The first is to send copies of papers via postal mail to: M. Fethy Mili Centre de Documentation Departement des Sciences Economiques Universite de Montreal C.P. 6128 A Montreal Canada H3C 3J7 You can contact him via email as mili@ere.umontreal.ca. He has kindly agreed to spend his spare time to catalogue the papers. That is the easiest method to get you papers into BibEc. A second, more involved method, is to write a file describing your papers in BibEc format and email it to the NetEc@uts.mcc.ac.uk. 5. How do I receive BibEc output? BibEc output for current awareness is distributed via the corry- fee list, based at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and owned by Hans M. Amman. It serves both for the discussion of issues relevant to academic Economics and the distribution of BibEc output. To subscribe, send the following subscribe corryfee your_first_name your_last_name at the beginning of the body of a message, not the subject of the message, to listserv@vm1.sara.nl. For example: subscribe corryfee David Ricardo Note that the name of the site to which you should send your message contains the number eleven. The service is free of charge. You can unsubscribe, at any time, simply by sending the following message to listserv@vm1.sara.nl: signoff corryfee If you wish to contribute to general discussions on the list, use the address: corryfee@vm1.sara.nl. Please do not send mail to the list to enquire about the NetEc service. Please use the address netec@uts.mcc.ac.uk instead. The list is not a part of the NetEc project, it only serves as a vehicle for output. 6. How do I obtain copies from BibEc papers? NetEc do not have neither the staff nor the possibility to send prints to people. We do not have any influence on the pricing of papers. If you order a paper from an institution, you could be billed. If a price indication appears in a record, it should be taken as a suggesting of the cost that is likely to be incurred when ordering the paper from an institution. In order to avoid bad surprises, it is best to enquire about the unit price before ordering the papers you need. If you need a copy of one paper, you might wish to write to the author. It could take some time before receive the document. Usually will not pay for it. So be patient. 7. How is WoPEc organised? BibEc entries are contained in one file that holds the biblio- graphical information, but WoPEc has two types of files, one that contains the bibliographical information in the BibEc format, (called "bi-file") and the code of the paper in PostScript format (called "ps-file"), usually Unix compressed. These files are stored on netec.mcc.ac.uk in subdirectories of pub/NetEc/WoPEc. There is one subdirectory per institution or series, named with a 6 letter series identifier, called the series code. The names of individual files are composed of the series code and a four digit number. If series entries are numbered per annum, the number has the format yynn, where yy is a two digit representation of the year of the paper, and nn is the number of the paper within that year. Otherwise we use the number of the paper within the series as a whole. If information about the coding of the paper is not available, the paper number is simply an internal number to WoPEc. The extension of the filenames are .ps for postscript, .ps.Z for compressed postscript and .bi for the bi-files. The location of the PostScript files is given in the |ID| field of the bi-file. 8. How do I access the NetEc gopher service? If you have a gopher client, gopher netec.mcc.ac.uk. If you do not have a gopher client, but you do have a remote login facility on the internet, you can telnet netec.mcc.ac.uk (130.88.200.3), and login as "netec". The system will try to identify your terminal configuration, if it can not find it then it will assume that you have a vt100 terminal. Note that there is a limit on the number of connections. If you are refused entry, please try again later. 9. What does the NetEc gopher offer? You will find a BibEc index facility, that allows you to execute simple searches on all BibEc information that is available. Alternatively you can also browse through the data files. For WoPEc you will find a menu that lists names of authors and paper titles. Hitting the author name will yield the bibliographic information, whilest hitting the title will open a binary ftp line and deliver the Unix compressed code directly to the current directory of your host. Finally there is a converter programme that converts from the BibEc format to the BibTeX format that is used with LaTeX, the well known document formatting package. 10. What is the BibEc format? The BibEc format is a plain ASCII format. The whole text is formatted so that each line is not longer than 80 characters. Each individual record describes a publication, and every record is separated from the next by a blank line. Every record contains a number of fields. The beginning of a field is a sequence of 4 chars: a vertical bar, two upper-case chars and then another vertical bar. It is common for longer fields to be preceded by a carriage return. The number of fields that an item contains is variable, because it depends on how much information has been made available by the source of information. Frequently used fields are: |TI| title |AB| abstract |KW| keywords |LC| Journal of Economic Literature classification |AU| author(s) |AD| address at which the item has been published. Write to this address if you wish to obtain a copy |AC| author's comment |SR| series description |PD| publication date |AV| availability, used to signal whether the paper is still in print |AF| affiliation of author(s) |PB| commercial journal where paper was published |LE| length, usually in pages |PG| pages, if the paper is part of another publication |PR| price, if the papers are being sold |ID| a code to be agreed to by the editor if it is a printed item, but if it is available via ftp, then the ID should be "ftp:site@filename" For technical reasons, the |TI| field should be the first. If a field's contents needs more then one line, the lines after the first should be indented, just like it is shown in the example above. 11. How do I convert BibEc to BibTeX? Jon P. Knight of Loughborough University of Technology has written a BibEc to BibTeX converter called bec2bib. It is based upon the r2bib programme available off the Internet. The current version can not handle more than one field on a line, so use your favorite editor to replace all " |" with "|" (i.e. replace any spaces before vertical bars with newlines). Next, the date formats in BibEc and BibTeX are different, at the moment every- thing is brought into the year. Lastly, it can't handle conjunc- ting authors properly so you'll need to change every " & " to " and ", again with a text editor. Still those limitations aside, it does work and might make your life a bit easier. To build the programme, get the C source code from the NetEc gopher or via ftp, save it on a UNIX machine a file called bec2bib.c and then type ``make''. It should build cleanly. To use it, use the command bec2bib followed by a list of BibEc format files. The BibTeX file comes out on the standard output, so you might do something like: unixprompt% bec2bib january93.bec > january93.bib Please report your expressions of satisfaction with this package to J.P.Knight@lut.ac.uk. 12. How do I use ftp to upload/download papers to WoPEc? First, type: "ftp netec.mcc.ac.uk", or "ftp 130.88.200.3" and press . When you see a message indicating that a connec- tion has been opened, you need to log in using the username "ftp". You will be asked to enter a password, enter your full email address here (for example "K.Marx@highgate.london.uk") and press . The host is based on an Amdahl machine at Manchester Computer Centre, United Kingdom and it runs UTS, a Unix-ish environment. File and directory names are case-sensi- tive. In the following I list the ftp commands you will need to know. cd (directory name) connect to a sub-directory cd .. connect to the parent of current direc- tory pwd ask for name of current directory dir list contents of current directory get (file name) download a single file mget (files) download multiple files put (file name) upload a single file mput (files) upload multiple files binary enter this command before you transfer binary files. All files ending with .Z are binary, all others are ASCII. ascii enter this command before you transfer ascii files, for example all files ending with .ps or .bi. quit leave ftp and return to your system Note that the above only describes the normal setup of ftp. If your local setup violates the description, please contact your local computer centre for further advice. 13. How do I use waissearch for NetEc? The command format for the command is: "waissearch -h netec.mcc.ac.uk -d database keyword keyword" where database can take the value "BibEc" or "WoPEc", and where keyword can be any word, but an English or French word or the name of an author will usually do best. Note that the WoPEc database is a subset of the BibEc database. 14. What are central and local papers? Although WoPEc provides its own ftp site, it is intended to be a distributed project. As long as the paper is stored on a site accessible via anonymous ftp, and as long as the bibliographic information is correct, the WoPEc gopher will be able to perform the retrieval of the paper. WoPEc intends to provide biblio- graphical information and ftp links to papers that can be accessed via anonymous ftp, independently of the particular site where the PostScript is placed. Therefore we distinguish two types of papers in WoPEc. Central papers are papers whose Post- Script code is uploaded to netec.mcc.ac.uk. Local papers are papers that are accessible on other ftp sites but that do have a link in the WoPEc gopher, and whose bi-files are access- ible in the gopher. 15. How may I publish my work in WoPEc? All contributors need to provide is the bibliographical informa- tion in BibEc format or something that resembles to it. The file should be as complete as possible, i.e. containing as many as possible of the fields defined in (8). This will allow users to search for bi-files, to select which papers to retrieve via ftp. The main paper itself should be stored as a print-to-filepost- script file with font information. Mail the bi-file to netec@uts.mcc.ac. If you wish to upload the ps-files, ftp to netec.mcc.ac.uk (130.88.200.3) and put it in the directory "pub/NetEc/uploads". Notify NetEc@uts.mcc.ac.uk as soon as possible thereafter. If you wish to keep you paper at your site, simply mail the bi-file but make sure to include an |ID| information that contains details of your host and the filename of your paper. In either case we will deliver, if you so wish, a weekly report of the gopher that allows you to determine how many times your paper has been downloaded, and the site of the downloader. 16. How do I print WoPEc output? This depends on your equipment. If you have a PostScript printer, send it to the printer and it should print the document. If you do not have a postscript printer, then you could use a freeware utility called ghostscript. Any simtel20 mirror will hold a version for MS-DOS systems in the postscript directory. For UNIX based systems, inquire at archie for ghostscript-2.6.tar.z, which should be part of any GNU code collection. Ghostscript will allow you to drive a variety of devices with PostScript code. Please report your experience with printing documents to netec@uts.mcc.ac.uk. ------------------------------------------------------ | | | 6. Upcoming Events | | | ------------------------------------------------------ Fernand Braudel Institute of World Economics CONFERENCE ANNOUNCEMENT 1994 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE "Big Countries: The Political Economy of Scale" Sao Paulo, Brazil May 9-13, 1994 _______________________________________ The Fernand Braudel Institute of World Economics has organized an international conference on "Big Countries: The Political Economy of Scale," sponsored by the United Nations, to be held in Sao Paulo and two other Brazilian cities during the week of May 9-13, 1994. The conference will focus on managing problems of scale and complexity in countries such as China, the United States, Russia, India and Brazil. Investigating the fears and frustrations bred by economic reforms, conference participants will explore the following questions: What are the relative roles and weights of politics and economics in managing continental nations? What is the role of population density in building and sustaining institutions over large areas? Are problems of management comparable in different continental economies such as the United States, India, Russia, China and Brazil? What insights can be brought to economic organization by different national experiences in managing problems of scale? Speakers at the conference include the following: -Ambassador Rubens Ricupero, president of the Fernand Braudel Institute of World Economics and Brazil's Minister for Environmental Affairs and Amazon Development, who until recently was Ambassador to the United States and previously was president of GATT in Geneva. Ambassador Ricupero will speak on "Continental and Peripheral Nations in the New World Order." -Professor Jeffrey Sachs of Harvard University, member of the International Advisory Board of the Fernand Braudel Institute of World Economics. Professor Sachs will speak on "The Crisis of Scale and Chronic Inflation in Continental Nations." -Professor Fan Gang, of the Institute of Economics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Professor Fan will speak on "Economic Administration in China: Problems of Scale and Decentralization." -Professor William McNeill, professor emeritus of history at the University of Chicago and a member of the International Advisory Board of the Fernand Braudel Institute of World Economics. Professor McNeill will speak on "The Rise of Violence in the World Today." -Professor Roberto Macedo, professor of economics at the University of Sao Paulo, former Secretary of Economic Policy and a founding member of the Fernand Braudel Institute of World Economics. Professor Macedo will speak on "Deranged Economic Transfers and Chronic Inflation in Brazil." -Tarun Dutt, President of the West Bengal Industrial Development Corporation and former Chief Secretary of West Bengal. Mr. Dutt will speak on the "The Rebirth of Calcutta: Lessons for the Cities of Latin America." -Professor Robert D. Putnam, director of the Center of International Affairs at Harvard University and author of _Making Democracy Work_. Professor Putnam will speak on "Social Capital and Federalism: Reflections on the United States." -Mikhail Dimitriev, Russian economist and legislative aide to President Yeltsin. Mr. Dimitriev will speak on "The Crisis of Government in Russia." -Professor Aspasia Camargo, president of IPEA, the Brazilian government's economic research institute, and member of the Fernand Braudel Institute of World Economics. Professor Camargo will speak on "Brazil and Russia: Federalism and Decentralization in Modernity." -Norman Gall, executive director of the Fernand Braudel Institute of World Economics. Mr. Gall will speak on "Scale and Survival: Mortality and Public Health in the Modern World." Those interested in attending this conference should contact the Fernand Braudel Institute of World Economics at IFBEM@FPSP.FAPESP.BR or through: Matthew Taylor, Coordinator Fernand Braudel Institute of World Economics Rua Ceara, 2 * 01243-010 Higienopolis * Sao Paulo, Brazil Phone: (55-11) 824-9633 * Fax: (55-11) 825-2637 ---Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at E:\listplex\SYSTEM\SCRIPTS\filearea.cgi line 455, line 824. --------------------------------------------------- | | | 7. Jobs Bulletin | | | ------------------------------------------------------ 1. University of Exeter PROFESSOR OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY Applications are invited for the Chair of Economic and Social History, which is available from 1 October 1994. The Univer- sity is seeking an outstanding scholar with a proven record to join an active Department. Candidates should have expertise in any field of economic and social history, but scholars who have made a significant contribution in the field of modern compara- tive economic history will be especially welcome. The Pro- fessor will be expected to take a full part in teaching at all levels, but to have a particular input into the postgraduate programme. Salary on the agreed Professorial range: minimum 30,403 p.a. (under review). Information from Personnel, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QJ; (0392)263100 or e.mail Personnel@exeter.ac.uk, quoting reference no. 3896. Closing date 19 May 1994 TEMPORARY LECTURESHIP IN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL HISTORY For 1 year (1994/5) in the Dept. of Economic and Social History, at the 'social' end of the economic and social history spectrum. For information write to Bob Lewis, Dept. of Social and Economic History, Amory Building, Rennes Drive, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ UK. 2. University of Glasgow LECTURESHIP IN ECONOMIC HISTORY AND ECONOMICS A temporary (3-year) lectureship in Economic History and Econ- omics, shared between the Depts. of Economic and Social History and Political Economy, tenable from 1.10.1994. Preference may be given to candidates with an active interest in the development of the European economy since 1945. Applicants should have completed or be about to complete Ph.D. For information write to the following addresses: Professor M A Crowther Head of Department, Dept. of Economic and Social History Professor V A Muscatelli Acting Head of Department Department of Political Economy University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ Tel:(041)330-5062 or (041)339-8855 Fax:(041)330-4940 Applications must be to the Personnel Officer, Univ. of Glasgow G12 8QQ. Applicants should send 8 copies (one in the case of overseas applicants) of a full curriculum vitae, incl. a state- ment of the applicant's qualifications and experience. Testimo- nials not required, but the names and addresses whould be given of three persons to whom reference may be made. Applicants should also include a brief note on the state of their health. The deadline is May 6, 1994. ------------------------------------------------------ | | | 8. Question and Suggestions | | | ------------------------------------------------------ For this academic year: IRIGOIN@LSE.AC.UK SCHWAAG@LSE.AC.UK THADDEN@LSE.AC.UK